Global Impact & Community Essay Example for Free

Worldwide Impact Community Essay Beside being the most jam-packed city in the United States, the City of New York is viewed as the most intensely populated significant city in North America. It is the country’s most socially various district, as it holds individuals that communicate in 138 unique dialects drawn from in excess of 90 nations. The most perceived social minorities in the district are Native Americans/Alaska Natives, Asian American/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and African-American. Settlement History From 1892 to 1954, in excess of 12 million workers entered and scattered everywhere throughout the United States. Hispanic people from South or Central American nation, Mexico, Cuba, or Puerto Rico, included the huge number of those migrants. All through the 1990s, Hispanic starting point involved just about 25 percent of the city’s populace, and Hispanic younger students of the city comprised of right around 35 percent (DeCamp). Hispanics are the biggest minority in the city today, and the populace consistently develops through migration and increment through birth. During the mid twentieth century, the lower eastside of Manhattan was for the most part male networks that comprised of Asian foreigner laborers who had initially moved out to California. â€Å"Since 1965, the Asian populace has been developing consistently, and by 1990, Asians overall spoke to the second biggest gathering of language minorities in New York City† (DeCamp). On the other hand, some African-Americans are relatives from locals that were brought to the United States more than two centuries back, while others emigrated from Africa, South America and Caribbean as of late. It was in 1994 that dark occupants started to show up as once huge mob provided by the Great Migration. Most Famous Ethnic Place-Name, Communities and Districts Harlem is a locale in the New York City that is for quite some time recognized as a significant African-American business, social, and private focus. Until 1873, Harlem was a town free of New York City. It has been described by blast and-bust cycles, with impressive ethnic changes going with each cycle. Harlem stretches out from the East River west to the Hudson River flanked by 159th Street; where it meets Washington Heights, to a fringe down the south. Chinatown is New Yorks major and most energetic ethnic neighborhood which up to now is still quickly developing. Lanes have overflowed with many Chinese cafés, blessing shops and markets. New Yorks Chinatown is the main Chinatown in the United States and is the social, recorded, efficient, and political focal point of the Chinese people group in the district. It is western hemisphere’s biggest site of Chinese fixation. Unmistakable Local Food New York City is a mix of nationalities and societies, and the cooking styles served by its a huge number of cafés are an indication of that assorted variety. A portion of the acclaimed cafés in New York City that offer unmistakable nearby food to ethnic minorities are second Avenue Delicatessen, Inc. , Abyssinia Ethiopian Restaurant, Esthetic Alternatives, Bistro Monk, Charley Os, Ding Ho Laundry, Dragon Gems Inc. , and El Rey Delos Caridad Restaurant. What's more, there are several cafés situated in Chinatown where conventional and bona fide Chinese cooking styles are served. The styles of Chinese food generally unmistakable in the locale are Hunan, Shanghai, Szechwan, and Cantonese. Contemporary Cultural Influences 1. At present, many TV and radio news analysts are offering their types of assistance to a few ethnic networks in New York City. Radio and TV channels, just as their particular telecasters, accept that they are not simply the pipelines of amusement, data, and news, as they see themselves as political and social help to everybody from faraway spots. These telecom systems accept that they are mediums that give chance to every single ethnic foundation to discuss their particular legacy and culture. 2. Due to New York City’s developing ethnic populaces over the previous decades, individuals from minority bunches have been furnished with extra lofts from the City’s private lodging ventures. In excess of 86 condo extensions were worked in the city with the objective set to 20 percent minority inhabitance (Blair). In any case, the objective set isn't planned as the roof to prohibit or constrain minorities. 3. With New York City’s fluctuated and rich culture, it has since a long time ago supported obvious and effective minority organizations. Minority business visionaries acclaimed themselves to a bunch of expected ventures, for example, Latino-claimed bodegas; Korean greengroceries; or Chinese piece of clothing manufacturing plants and cafés. Quite a while back, the financial registration of minority firms of the government tallied to only 4,500 Asian, Latino, and Black organizations in New York City, giving work to about 18,000 individuals, or around 9 percent of 1997’s aggregate. â€Å"Added to that were another 36,000 independently employed minorities† (Malanga). Since that time, a change has happened in the private venture network of New York City. Assembling their broad information as officials in the corporate world, the city’s Asian, Latino, and Black business people not just kept up their various notable customary minority enterprises yet in addition climbed away from them by opening distributing adventures, plan and realistic shops, counseling firms, and advertisement organizations. End New York City’s status as one of the most lively social districts of the United States is molded by hundreds of years of movement; in any case, the quantity of outside brought into the world New Yorkers is as yet expected to increment throughout the following decade. Asian, Latino, and Black will be numerically raised to regularly developing extents of the city’s populace, and it isn't improbable that sooner rather than later, the greater part the city’s occupants will have been brought into the world outside the United States. In like manner, inferable from the various cultures’ impact, ethnic networks, business, and so on are likewise expected to thrive. Works Cited Blair, William. 3 May 1984. â€Å"Accord in Minority Suit Provides for More Subsidized Apartments. † The New York Times. 30 April 2009 http://www. nytimes. com/1984/05/03/nyregion/accord-in-minority-suit-accommodates progressively sponsored lofts. html? n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FM%2FMinorities%20(US). Desert, Suzanne. The Linguistic Minorities of New York City. New York: Office of Information, Community Service Society of New York, 1991. Malanga, Steven. 2002. â€Å"Minority Business Triumphs in Gotham. † City Journal. 30 April 2009 http://www. city-diary. organization/html/12_2_minority_business. html.

Homosexuality as a Theological Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Homosexuality as a Theological Issue - Essay Example Christians end up at the focal point of this wave, as individuals admire them for direction on the stand they should take. The shared characteristic of this in philosophy especially, is that individuals need to know Christian’s remain in this homosexuality issue. All things considered, various scholars have composed various articles communicating their thoughts on the homosexuality as a social issue. In my examination in this article, I will place into thought three author’s compositions, and their thinking about homosexuality. A brief rundown of every one of these philosophical thinking will frame the premise of their examination and differentiation. Indisputably, I will draw customized thoughts and musings on the homosexuality issue. Koranteng-Pipim, in his article, â€Å"Three Conflicting Views on Homosexuality† tries to discover the church’s remain on homosexuality. The greatest issue is whether they ought to acknowledge or dismiss these people at what ever point they join their gathering. The two stands have their exceptional moral results. In any case, he singles out the instance of seventh day adventurist church, which has accepted three ways to deal with homosexuality (Koranteng-Pipim 1). Regardless of the way that the congregation in past has expected a renunciation remain on this issue, the ongoing ascent of professional gay gatherings keep on producing the congregation on expecting a full-acknowledgment way to deal with these individuals. Notwithstanding, he noticed that a few sections inside contemporary Adventism are moving towards the certified acknowledgment see in tending to homosexuality. Koranteng-Pipim contends that in spite of the fact that these different perspectives have risen, the renunciation see remains the official situation of the Seventh-day Adventist church (Koranteng-Pipim 2). Various principles bolster these disparity sees. The essential fundamentals on the side of these perspectives incorporate the ide a of homosexuality, profound quality of homosexuality, way out of homosexuality and reaction to homosexuality. The rejection see holds that homosexuality is a bending of human sexuality, it is wicked and evil, and that God has the capacity of changing any circumstance (Koranteng-Pipim 6). In their contentions however, those supporting for full acknowledgment need to consent to being conceived again and hence completely absorbed in the congregation. In his article, â€Å"Homosexuality and Christian Faith: A Theological Reflection† Jennings calls attention to that gay people and homosexuality is one of the significant significance consultations of denominational bodies. This issue has drawn various emotions among the advocates and adversaries of homosexuality issue. On one side are the supporters of the conventional sexuality; while then again is the gathering on the side of the rising patterns in sexuality (Jennings 137). Nonetheless, he sees that philosophical reflection has prominently been absent from this traditionalist liberal encounter. He sees that individuals hold numerous predispositions in the issue of homosexuality in the general public. He anyway doesn't propose a religious philosophy of homosexuality, yet proposes how major standards of Christian philosophy light up this inquiry or complex of issues. He takes a gander at various standards of religious philosophy, for example, one by Karl Barth, which recommends that that Christian confidence obliges the benevolent God, who is the Supreme Being (Jennings 137). The incomparable aim is to legitimize, spare and reclaim humankind, however not based on a segregation among better and more awful people yet exclusively based on God’s own thoughtful political race. He contends that in the event of an infringement of this religious standard, it puts in human hands the ability to actualize our own salvation. The second standard as he brings up is the all inclusiveness

Corporate Government and Ethics Behavior

Question: Talk about the Corporate Government and Ethics Behavior. Answer: Presentation: Reasonable exchange has developed as a development for supporting moral conduct in buyer dynamic. The continuous development of the reasonable exchange markets has made significant traps for the business network as far as understanding the moral practices. The expansion of interest for reasonable exchange idea could be approved by the various factors, for example, the inclination of organizations to focus on a particular reason for a generous timeframe and securing a superior picture through endeavors for commitment to the general public. The bigger piece of reasonable exchange understandings were in this way reliant on cause-based promoting which demonstrated references to the social duties of associations (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). The utilization of reasonable exchange development has been built up as a business brand and is related with the picture which mirrors that reasonable exchange shoppers are obligated to give basic commitments, for example, monetary guide to poo r ranchers in the creating countries and giving a reasonable cost to the makers. Fundamentally, Fairtrade gives accreditation to items procured from remote sources, for example, espresso, bananas, gold and cotton and particularly those which are related with a specific reason (Matten, 2015). This model can be seen on account of African cotton which is useful for getting budgetary help for the came up short on local cotton ranchers. The commitments of reasonable exchange are seen in the salvage of the ranchers from the grasp of destitution. Anyway discusses relating to moral commercialization have shown that if the target of Fairtrade is to give help to the maker network then the premium for the makers must be expanded by following through on a reasonable cost to the makers. In this manner, the moral issues related with reasonable exchange are discovered to be to a great extent connected with the worries of customers towards natural and social causes and the expanding request of pres ent day ideas, for example, community oriented utilization (Nica, 2013). The significant moral issues related with reasonable exchange could be classified into two segments which are uncalled for exchanging and the effect of occupying budgetary just as physical assets from less created countries to moderately well-off countries. The thought of the moral issues has additionally been alluded in numerous settings in different research works. For instance, the moral thought relating to the extra cash paid by clients for reasonable exchange items is demonstrative of the recommendation that whether the arrangement of extra cost being procured by reasonable exchange is practical. Moreover, the probabilities of the extra cash being utilized by reasonable exchange to serve makers additionally goes under inquiry as it endeavors to understand another significant part of moral conduct in the acts of reasonable exchange. The uncalled for exchanging part additionally should be inspected in settin g of the difficulty relating to moral worries of business associations and the utilization of reasonable exchange rehearses (Weber Wasieleski, 2013). The moral issues relating to the execution of reasonable exchange on a worldwide stage have been talked about in the accompanying segments of the report alongside clear signs to the suggestions which have been inferred for providing food the different necessities of the general public just as the business principles. Exercises of reasonable exchange: The idea of Fairtrade has been supported by fluctuating echelons of the general public and it has the help of individuals from all features of society running from the grassroots till bureaucratic levels. The approval of the brand of reasonable exchange on a worldwide level has been considered from particular features of business condition which demonstrate commitments as budgetary assets, time and arrangement of adaptable open doors for exchanging. Numerous private firms, people and government organizations are bit by bit getting intrigued by the idea of reasonable exchange and henceforth the interest for the idea can be properly comprehended (Clarke Bassell, 2013). The proprietors of the Fairtrade Foundation grant organizations in prosperous countries to use the brand name of the association nearby their own brands as a byproduct of a specific measure of charge. For the most part, the association assembles greatest portion of its income from this kind of expense and different guide s are gotten from government gifts and awards. Reasonable exchange should occupy the extra permit pay obtained from brands to the makers in creating countries. Be that as it may, the permit salary is to a great extent used for advancement of the brand which could make significant issues identified with the moral worries of Fairtrade (Idowu, Capaldi Zu, 2013). Induction of higher edges and proving the picture of retailers as steady of worldwide concerns could be accepted as significant components remembered for the accentuation of the practices in reasonable exchange on association and industry arranged advantages as opposed to understanding any encouraging results for ranchers and providers (Gao Hafsi, 2015). The different courses through which cash needs to go through so as to arrive at the last goal of profiting ranchers has been seen in reasonable exchange as the additional expenses of cooperatives, costs on social ventures and premiums for reasonable exchange makers and ranchers . In this manner the need of catching moral measures for the exercises of reasonable exchange has been set up in setting of associations receiving relationship with reasonable exchange accreditation and the possibilities for reasonable exchange to exceed expectations in future market situations (Knudsen, Moon Slager, 2015). Moral rules must be satisfied if there should arise an occurrence of reasonable exchange in light of the fact that the key goal of the reasonable exchange idea is focused on the goal of giving a considerable bit of leeway to makers in creating countries and expanding the market offers for results of local starting point. Moral standards for Fair exchange: It is suitable to consider that Fair exchange is an idea which is intended for the moral prosperity of clients, industry, gatherings, people and associations on a bigger premise. The establishment for the reasonable exchange method of accreditation of items and the expanding view of business associations towards the reasonable exchange practice has made inquiries which relate to the improvement of better returns for makers and along these lines extending the degree for possibilities of maintainability in complex evolving situations. The investigation of dispersion of the riches among the maker networks having a place with the third world according to the reasonable exchange practices would demonstrate a short outline of the moral standards which are required for the associations receiving reasonable exchange rehearses (Swanson Frederick, 2016). Reasonable exchange affirmation is a mandatory prerequisite for providers of reasonable exchange confirmed items and they are commonly indivi duals from helpful offices or manor firms much of the time. The various substances of the nearby makers need to conform to certain political necessities, for example, the inclusion of ranchers, gathering and preparing openings encouraged by essential cooperatives and the optional offices which have the approval to send out in the interest of the makers. The sending out cooperatives are subject to acquire an extra measure of cash which is named as social premium and these cooperatives give the motivation to ranchers. While a few cooperatives will in general give positive impetuses to ranchers, some others could depend on noxious exercises and along these lines limit the money related returns for ranchers (Soltani Maupetit, 2015). Along these lines, the assessment of moral standards as for the reasonable exchange rehearses must be introduced in setting of the interaction between shopper, cooperatives, merchants, retailers, bistros and packers. The reasonable exchange establishment has extended its help and subsequently the moral issues must be tended to first regarding increment in quite a while of desperation and passing in occasion of preoccupation of assets and funds from less fortunate countries to progressively created countries. The moral concerns related with reasonable exchange are gotten from an utilitarian methodology which applies assets which are equipped for rendering greatest peripheral utility. If there should arise an occurrence of the advantages of reasonable exchange to ranchers, the moral ramifications calls attention to the perspective which decides the impact of loss of a specific measure of cash to various people (Ntim Soobaroyen, 2013). For instance, the loss of five dollars would be unimportant in a market store while a similar sum could be an alleviation for an individual hoping to spare his family from starvation. Besides, the extension for uncalled for exchanging can likewise be considered as a conspicuous sign in the area of corporate morals. Uncalled for exchanging is acknowledged when the makers or the advertisers don't give real data to clients and thus gives identified with wrong client choices could prompt insulting of the picture of the association. Thusly out of line exchanging is responsible for changes in impression of clients about an item just as association. In the event of reasonable exchange items, the associations ought not stifle proof identified with budgetary guide gave to the ranchers and the ambiguities relating to the consumption of the extra cost paid by clients (Doh, Husted Yang, 2013). Clients are bound to lose trust in the reasonable exchange development on the off chance that they find that the extra sum paid by them isn't being utilized for the proposed purposes and in the event that they discover any clues that they are not being educated regarding the proof identified with utilization of the extra salary accumulated from reasonable exchange activities (Subramaniam, Kansal Babu, 2015) . Infringement of morals: The primary concern is tended to by assessing the sum which is given to the trading helpful. Reasonable exchange doesn't have any significant enactment for de

What is wrong with the education system Research Paper

What's up with the training framework - Research Paper Example Besides, the quality and amount of administrations gave by educators can be legitimately connected to the part of instructor residency and association of training, taking into account that these viewpoints center around the government assistance of instructors while neglecting the government assistance of understudies and the instruction framework all in all. Educator Tenure The greatest factor in thought with instructor residency is the way that it improves lack of concern of educators being secured by the tenureship strategy, since they stop to fear putting their employments under dangers. In thought to upgrade of smugness among educators, it turns into sure that amount and nature of administrations being offered by these instructors might be undermined. All the more thus, instructors who are seen to straightforwardly bargain quality and amount of work can't be handily terminated, since, contrasted with customary educators, it is progressively costly and difficult to fire tenured e ducators. This is because of the way that there is a protracted and complex documentation process that tries to demonstrate that unsuitable and lackluster showing of the residency instructor to be terminated. Other than demonstrating and archiving the terrible showing cases of a tenured educator, a courtroom should basically investigate the charges consent to the cases (Nixon, Packard and Douvanis, 2007, p. 43-45). Directors regularly try to get rid of inadequately performing instructors with an end goal to improve training gauges; be that as it may, getting rid of failing to meet expectations educators who are tenured is more expensive than holding them. This part of maintenance prompts amassing of non-performing instructors and therefore subsequently influencing the training framework in general. The instruction framework is in an emergency considering the way that teachers’ execution is basic to the achievement of the understudies and the training framework all in all. The calling of educators needs to enroll and hold the most splendid and best instructors with advancement, security and different advantages being accentuated on merit. In spite of the fact that instructors need security and work confirmation from unjustified lose of employment most likely from political impacts, the frameworks ought not overprotect them to the degree that exhibition issues are undermined (Philips, 2009, p.3). Holding the best educators needs to begin from the principals having the option to assess and fire their instructors concerning understudy accomplishment and execution guidelines of educators. Horrible showing of educators should be basically managed given the way that numerous understudies originate from unsteady homes and accordingly profoundly needing admirably performing instructor so as to support their nature of training independent of their flimsy lives. Educators ought to be made a decision about dependent on the showing administrations they render and th eir capacity to affect emphatically on the lives of understudies in the study halls they instruct. Instructor residency adversely impacts on the training framework in spite of the fact that the approach was essentially intended to set up reasonable techniques to shield educators from political, prejudicial, and individual treatment by managers. The strategy has anyway been abused to ensure inept educators rather securing able instructors to empower high maintenance of best educators for encouraging high training measures. Be that as it may, businesses can beat ineptitude factor by employing skillful instructors who are qualified concerning genuine execution issue. Educator residency should just be utilized to shield instructors from bad form and legislative issues educational committees and outer forces may use against them and guarantee instructors

Microsoft Word Tips Adjusting Text Alignment - Get Proofed!

Microsoft Word Tips Adjusting Text Alignment - Get Proofed! Changing Text Alignment Great arranging is significant. All things considered, you need your content to be anything but difficult to peruse, so it should be introduced on the page (or screen) unmistakably and reliably. What's more, content arrangement is a major piece of this. In this post, at that point, we’re seeing how to change the content arrangement in Microsoft Word. Modifying Text Alignment The arrangement choices in MS Word control how content is situated comparable to the page edges. This can be controlled by means of the â€Å"Paragraph† area of the â€Å"Home† tab on the lace. From left to right: Align Left, Center, Align Right, and Justify. From left to right, you have four arrangement choices accessible. These are: Adjust Left †Used to adjust the content to one side edge Focus †Used to situate message midway on the page Adjust Right †Used to adjust the content to the correct edge Legitimize †Used to spread content equally over the page so the principal word on each line starts at the left edge and the final word closes at the correct edge To apply arranging, just select the pertinent content (or spot the cursor where you need to type) and select an arrangement choice. On the other hand, you can choose the content you need to alter and tap the bolt in the base corner of the â€Å"Paragraph† area to open another window. You would then be able to choose a choice from the dropdown â€Å"Alignment† menu and snap â€Å"OK.† The Paragraph menu. Which Option Should You Use? For the fundamental body of your work, you have two principle alternatives: Align Left and Justify. Legitimize is well known in light of the fact that it makes flawless squares of content, so it looks clean. It is additionally helpful in the event that you have different segments of content on the page (this is the reason papers and magazines regularly utilize supported content). Adjust Left is the default for the vast majority, however, especially in the distributing business. This is on the grounds that it’s simple to peruse and forestalls â€Å"rivers† (i.e., vertical clear spaces) showing up in the content. Content arrangement choices. In many records, Center ought to be put something aside for headings and subheadings. You may likewise utilize it for short entries that should be separate from the encompassing content. Nonetheless, on the off chance that you have to introduce a more extended entry in the page, for example, a square statement, you should utilize the indent choices rather than arrangement. Adjust Right, in the interim, isn't utilized for much by any stretch of the imagination. There are some uncommon events when it is valuable, for example, for situating a subtitle comparative with a picture. Ordinarily, however, it just makes things harder to peruse. The key with arranging in any report, in any case, is clearness and consistency. The best arrangement choice to pick is in this way the one that makes your report as simple to peruse as could reasonably be expected. On the off chance that you need a little help with your arranging, however, connect to perceive how we can help.

Internet Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Web Marketing - Article Example While getting it on the web, it promptly vanishes. Be that as it may, it can't be a disservice. Online you can find out pretty much all the particular and contrast and attempt with discover something which impeccably fits into your financial plan without the contribution of sales rep suspicion. Be that as it may, only one out of every odd sales rep can disclose to all of you pretty much all the determinations of each portable. Second Price; it is in every case hard to do whether the item is selling on the web or in stores. Cell phones have same selling costs however the organization which is offering association with it needs to discover how much a client is eager to pay and it is progressively essential to set your cost in the wake of thinking about of contender's cost. Almost certainly web has made valuing a great deal serious and expanded weight on the customary retailers. Steadfast clients are bound to get a prize on web with consequently getting the rehashed client followed. Installment is additionally simple, yet there are numerous accounts of extortion included. Third Place; E-advertising has gotten an extraordinary change the web based buying. As clients can purchase items legitimately from the producer's removing retailers absolutely, with a test of conveying the item inside the time allotment. Cell phones can be purchased straightforwardly, from the sites like Nokia, Samsung and so on.

Discuss some issue of personal, local, national, or international Essay

Talk about some issue of individual, neighborhood, national, or universal concern and its significance to you - Essay Example This is on the grounds that it is as simple as ABC to make bogus profiles via web-based networking media. Lawbreakers utilize this chance to gain admittance to others’ profiles by sending companion demands. When endorsed, they gain admittance to the victim’s individual information, photos and collections which they may advance to grown-up locales, or this may prompt telephonic discussions and gatherings, and no one thinks about the results. The criminal can likewise receive character of genuine individuals by utilizing their hacked photos and data, to draw in companions. This subject holds a solid spot among moral issues in e-showcasing. Web sagacious people are getting increasingly more educated about bogus e-promoting or counterfeit e-business commercials. Bogus personality helps the criminal in preplanned assaults against installment frameworks like benefits and clinical protection. E-showcasing morals require that so as to complete powerful e-promoting, the e-advertiser must put together the business with respect to legit grounds. On the off chance that he is straightforward in showing his character, buyers will consequently come to him since e-customers consistently work with the names they can trust. Thus, it is deceptive to receive the character of another effective association as doing so will in general carry damage to the notoriety of the proprietor of the cloned personality. As per PR Log, a Press Release, twenty phony character production lines had been fixed which were being worked by crooks who delivered cloned driving licenses and serv ice bills. The Metropolitan Police had the option to find these manufacturing plants in an Operation, captured the hoodlums and shut the production lines. On the off chance that such lawbreakers continue getting captured, at that point this would be a decent exercise for the individuals who consider crossing the moral limits in interfacing with internet based life and in doing e-advertising. Anna Johnson uncovered in her article that as indicated by an exploration led by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, about

Overnight Program Now Taking Requests

Overnight Program Now Taking Requests In case you havent checked your MyMIT account lately, I thought Id mention here that the MIT Overnight Program is open for business. You can stay overnight on campus beginning on September 30th, and since we need two weeks notice prior to your arrival, weve already begun taking requests. There are a variety of details on this page, but heres a quick overview: You can request a 1 or 2 night stay Overnights are available Sunday Thursday (we cant host Fridays, Saturdays, certain holidays, finals week, etc.) Please try not to request a visit less than 2 weeks in advance You can only select dates up to 60 days in advance During January and February, preference is given to seniors and to admitted students, and starting in March, the program is only open to admitted students Please note: host-matching is done by people, not by a computer (its an art!) so it can take up to a week for you to receive a response after submitting your ONP request. Thanks for your patience! If you have any questions about the ONP, please leave them in the comments. Thanks! On a totally unrelated note Tonight were gonna party like its 1999. Because this entry is the 1,999th MIT Admissions blog entry. Which means The next post will be #2000. Woot! Any bets on which blogger will get it?

Methods of Control in 1984 and Brave New World - Literature Essay Samples

The difference between the methods of control in 1984 and BRAVE NEW WORLD is the difference between external control by force and internal control, enforced only by the citizens own mind. While 1984s method has real-world precedent and seems more feasible to the modern reader, in the end it boils down to the oppression of a people whose human nature at its very core demands freedom. No amount of dictatorial force can eliminate this basic human desire. BRAVE NEW WORLD, therefore, sets out to take the idea of control to the next level, doing away with the need for forceful control by controlling the very nature of humans themselves. Although we see more dissent in BRAVE NEW WORLD, in the long run 1984s system is more vulnerable to uprising because it fails to control its subjects in the true sense that BRAVE NEW WORLD does.The Party in 1984 implemented two complimentary methods of controlling its citizens: fear and ignorance. The citizens self-induced paranoia would produce its ow n fear, which would then perpetuate ignorance. The two need each other to survive, their relationship like that of plants an animals, each producing something the other needs to survive (oxygen, carbon dioxide). It is the combination of fear and ignorance that is the source of the partys power, thus the slogan: Ignorance is Strength. This method of control theoretically remains effective as long as the citizen remains both afraid and ignorant, for one cannot exist in 1984s society without the other. Although Winston Smith remained largely ignorant of his own past and future, he was able to rebel because he was not entirely afraid to face the unknown:theyll shoot me i dont care theyll shoot me in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother they always shoot you in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother (20)His bravery and determination is seen again when he pledges his allegiance to the Brotherhood:You are prepared to give your lives?Yes.You are prepare d to commit murder?Yes.To commit acts of sabotage which may cause the death of hundreds of innocent people?Yes.To betray your country to foreign powers?Yes.' (142)Because he is no longer afraid, the Party can no longer control his mind, and therefore he is able to at least attempt dissent. In terms of the love/fear lifeline, it could be argued that Winstons gradual transcendence of fear is catalyzed by his introduction to, and indeed the actual act of, love:He wondered vaguely whether in the abolished past it had been a normal experience to lie in bed like this, in the cool summer evening, a man and a woman with no clothes on, making love when they chose, talking when they chose, not feeling any compulsion to get up, simply lying there and listening to peaceful sounds outside. (119)When separated from Julia, as he is in the ironically named Ministry of Love, Winston again succumbs to fear, which then facilitates his acceptance of ignorance, after which he is powerless to withstand the control of the Party.As the Party in 1984 used ignorance to control its citizens, so too did the controllers of BRAVE NEW WORLD, combining it not with fear but with mental conditioning. In 1984 we see rudimentary mental conditioning through means of Newspeak and propaganda, using groups such as the Spies and the Junior Anti-Sex League to indoctrinate even the young. The controllers in BRAVE NEW WORLD took this a step further, using advanced mental conditioning techniques to control the mindset and relative intelligence of infants. Since each citizen is by default incapable of rebelling on his or her own, it takes only ignorance to maintain control.Mustapha Mond leaned forward, shook a finger at them. Just try to realize it, he said, and his voice sent a strange thrill quivering along their diaphragms. Try to realize what it was like to have a viviparous mother.That smutty word again. But none of them dreamed, this time, of smiling.Try to imagine what living with ones family meant.They tried; but obviously without the smallest success.And do you know what a home was?They shook their heads. (39)As a safeguard, the controllers introduced measures such as soma, feelies, and orgy porgy to further ensure that the people would be constantly happy, thus raising the question: Why would they want to rebel, even if they could? These methods also served to distract them from their own minds. Their physical senses were overwhelmed by constant stimulation, making emotion and real individual thought unnecessary. That is why Shakespeare and God are not allowed. Their writing and existence were too abstract to be understood through the physical senses alone; to understand these concepts people would need to develop new (or, truthfully, old) ways of thinking, and such thought could lead to individual opinions that may stray outside of societys teachings. Shakespeare and God, then, would break the system of mental conditioning and ignorance, making rebellion a poss ibility.The most significant difference between the two societies is in those who run them. Winston Smith, through his work in the Ministry of Truth, knew well enough that the face of the Partys enemy changed very readily at one moment it was Eurasia, the next East Asia, and the next Goldstein. This was all done to avert attention from Big Brother, the peoples real oppressor.When Smith had taken control of his fear, he knew who the real enemy was. Although his rebellion may have been impossible given his circumstances and the iron-fisted power of Big Brother, he had a clear idea of who exactly he was fighting. Brave New World had Mustapha Mond, but he was just another Alpha Male certainly no Big Brother. There was no need for control in his society; each man was controlled by his own carefully developed state of mind. If there is no one in control, there is no one to rebel against except yourself. In the case of John, he had no mental conditioning and therefore was able to have a very real understanding of God and Shakespeare, enabling him to rebel in a way that was impossible for the other characters. It was Johns natural human tendency for individual thought that allowed him, in one decisive action, to defenestrate the soma and, indeed, societys control over him.The rebellion for Bernard and Heimholtz was purely internal; they had to fight their own conditioning and ignorance in order to gain the humanity John was born with. Johns actions contradicted what they were led to believe about the Savages, breaking their conditioning and liberating them from themselves. Had it not been for John, the two would have had no way to rebel, because there would be no way for them to know how. Whereas in 1984 it was only fear and power that held the people in line, in BRAVE NEW WORLD it was their very selves.

Most Noticeable Topics for a Descriptive Essay

Most Noticeable Topics for a Descriptive Essay You don't need to get a definite viewpoint. In short you'll be weighing the topics with respect to information content. That means you must carefully select the details, but don't let yourself be scared to explore something that at first sight appears to be insignificant. You might be interested in adding some details in the event you require telling something more about your principal object. Want to Know More About Topics for a Descriptive Essay? To leave an enduring impression, you can also tell your readers a quick story, joke, or earn a call to action. Basically, you merely pick a topic that is simpler for you so you can paint palpable pictures in the mind of the reader. The nature of the emotional part is to produce a type of special connection between the topic topic and reader. Writing descriptive essay students need to be more personal and use their imagination to the complete extent. Sometimes they do not realize ho w to start a descriptive essay on their own. List of Descriptive Essay Topics Of many different kinds of essays a student might have to write, the descriptive one is unquestionably the easiest. If you are searching for topics for descriptive essays then there's a great likelihood that you're unsure of your abilities of how to compose a very good essay. Therefore, below are some basic strategies that will help you in writing of good descriptive essay. If you are a newcomer to writing informative essays or simply struggle when it has to do with thinking of informative essay topics, then there's an excellent chance you may be searching for some help. If you're tasked with writing a descriptive essay there are lots of things you can write about. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Topics for a Descriptive Essay Perhaps the main thing that you have to not forget is that you're required to compose an essay instead of simply to describe something. The aim of a conclusion is to sum up the entire essay, but it shouldn't repeat the principal ideas word to word. First and foremost you need to select an intriguing topic. Describe a moment once you felt sad. Everybody has a favo rite object they treasure. Describe the garden or a lot of flowers in order for your reader can see it and smell it in their mind. Give a tour around the room you're in and describe a few parts of furniture you could see Describe your favourite toy from childhood Describe your favourite outfit. Your favourite book store As you may see, there's an endless variety of topics to pick from for a descriptive essay. It is possible to also read your essay to other folks to receive their feedback. Begin with choosing an object or emotion you wish to describe. When you select the topic which suits you most, bear in mind the reason you write your essay, concentrate on the main details to tell about in your text and don't neglect the value of senses and feelings in your essay. Certainly, it's a central element of life. What to Expect From Topics for a Descriptive Essay? Whatever the case, students' essay is going to have the exact same standard format. Various teachers decorate their classes in various manners. Before students select their topics, they ought to know about the essential length. In any case, very often students may pick any topic they like. Description embedded in an argument paper, as an example, might be intended to earn a position more persuasive. Though, there are particular patterns that you are going to follow when you compose a descriptive essay. Think about a tree you've seen. It's important to get a very clear vision of your paper. A descriptive essay may have a lot of purposes, but the fundamental structure stays the same irrespective of the subject. The absolute most important thing here is to select among the most effective descriptive essay topics, as failing to select a write topic will prevent you from turning in an excellent essay. The structure of such essay is based on the topic. The structure of this kind of essay is comparable to a lot of others it should incorporate an introduction, a most important part and a concl usion. Generally the toughest facet of developing a descriptive essay is picking the topic. The options are endless. The topics are abstract because thus you'll be able to discover your own approach better. Observing detailsOnce you're prepared to abandon the effort to spell out or to tell about, evaluate your subject in conditions of visual, auditory, and other sensory information. Describe your perfect living place or the location where you live in order for your reader can picture it clearly. Consider a moment once you met someone you didn't see for a very long time by way of example, a friend or a relative. A person that has disappointed you 51. The issue with not being detailed enough is that the reader is unable to get in touch with the individuals, places and settings students are attempting to describe.

The Artifacts And Artifacts Of Pottery Of The East Coast...

In the summer of 2016, recreational divers discovered fragments of pottery of the East coast of Crete near the Palace at Zakros. The fragments depicted artwork resembling that of ancient Minoan culture, specific to the Late Minoan IA-IB period. A team of archeologists returned to the location to start a week long search for any other Minoan artifacts. Divers were able to locate a shipwreck where the artifacts originated from. The ship, which was named by divers as â€Å"Minos’s Treasureâ€Å" (there is no substantiated claim to be connected to the mythical King; the divers thought it was a clever name) , is located at DMS- 35 °5’38.395†N 26 °17’23.783†E at a depth of 20 meters. The site is approximately 1.65 miles/2.65 km from the Palace of Zakros and 341.15 miles/549 km from present day Alexandria (see attached images). â€Å"Minos’s Treasureâ€Å" was completely covered in sediment, which is why the site had not had been uncovered unt il now. Consequently, the sediment preserved the ship remarkably well. Divers were only able to excavate a small amount of sediment due to inadequate equipment and a short amount of time allotted to the expedition. What was found is proof for the need of further attention from the archeological community. The forward section of the top deck was the only area where significant progress was made. The ship’s hull and decking is completely intact, yet little is known about the full design due to large portion of sediment yet to be removed. A sample of the wood wasShow MoreRelatedThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesxxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a defining trait of human beings? EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TO ABOUT 1000 B.C.E. page 5 HOW DID control over water resources influence early Middle Eastern civilizations? ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices

New Finance Faces An Important Question Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5010 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The logic for an organization is its objectives. Each business organization tries to achieve its objectives by integrating different functions related to finance, marketing, personnel and operations. Finance is one of the major and important financial areas of each profit and non-profit organization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "New Finance Faces An Important Question Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Not only for organizations, finance is quite critical for ones personal decisions also like where to invest savings? Companies who are in need of new finance faces an important question whether to raise debt or equity. There is less empirical evidence on how companies select the proper ratio of equity and debt at given point in time. Capital structure is the mix of the long term sources of funds used by the firm. Prudent capital structure requires answer to the following questions What should be maturity composition of the firms sources of funds In what proportion relative to the total should the various forms of permanent financing utilized The major influence of the maturity structure of the financing plans is the nature of assets owned by the firm. A firm heaving real capital investment, presented primarily by its fixed asset on its balance sheet, they have to finance those assets with permanent types of financial capital, investment in current assets should be fina nced with permanent capital. Assets are financed on temporary basis and it is also observed that companies current liabilities are consist of temporary capital. The objective of the capital structure is the source of the funds used by a firm in the way that will increase the companys common stock price. We may say that capital structure management is the objective by which firm seeks the mix of funds that will minimize its cost of capital. IMPORTANCE OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: It makes economic sense of the firms to strive to minimize the cost of the using financial capital. Both capital costs and other costs, such as the manufacturing cost share a common characteristic in that it potentially reduces the size of the cash and dividend that could be paid to the common stock holders. The ultimate value of a share of common stock depends in parts on the returns investors expect to receive from holding the stock. Cash dividends comprise all part of these expected returns. All factors held constant that could affect share price expect capital cost. If capital costs would keep minimized, the dividend stream that flows to the common stockholders would be maximized. In result of this the firms common stock price increases. The firms capital cost can be affected by its capital structure, and then capital structure management is clearly an important subset of business financial management. Profitability is the primary goal of all businesses. Without profitabilit y the business will not survive in the long run. Profitability is measured with income and expenses. Expenses are the cost of resources used up or consumed by the activities of the business. Profitability is defined in two ways economic profit and accounting profit. Economic profit gives a long term perspective of the business. Accounting profit provides an intermediate view of the feasibility of business. One year losses may not permanently harm the business. Consecutive years loss may make your business vulnerable. Profitability is measured with an income statement because income statement is measure of income and expenses during a given time period. Profitability measurement is an important measure of the business success. The most important task of business managers is to increase profitability of the firm. They always look for the ways to improve business profitability. A variety of profitability ratios are used to access profitability of the business. CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISION MAKING: Capital structure decisions are of the strategic importance for the organizations. Capital structure decisions are complex ones that involve weighing a variety of factors. The decision of capital structure becomes even more difficult where economic condition, like our country, is uncertain. Capital structure decisions have direct impact on firm value and return to stakeholders. With respect to capital structure firms are divided into two classes, Unleveled and Leveled firms. An unleveled firm uses only equity capital. A leveled firm uses a mix of equity and various forms of liabilities like bank debt, marketable bonds and debentures. Firms with strong profitability, reserve funds and high market dominance tend to have stable sales levels, assets that make good collateral for loans and a high growth rate which adopt high-risk production strategy and use more debt. In other words, firms at relatively lower and higher levels of market power employ more debt because if a business ca n earn a higher rate of return than the interest rate at which it borrows, it becomes profitable for the business to borrow money, while firms at intermediate level of market dominance are vulnerable to rivals competitive threat and reduce their debt. It is the financial managers responsibility to raise the money for the investment in real assets. When a company needs funds they can adopt one of the two options they may issue shares to investors and promise to give them share of the profit or they may take loan from investors and promise them to pay a series of payments. It is the financial managers responsibility to raise the money for the investment in real assets. When a company needs funds they can adopt one of the two options: They float shares and promise to give shares of the profit They make loan from investors and promise them to pay a series of interest payments. Therefore the focus of this study is to find whether the capital structure of the firm affect th e profitability of the firm or not. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To identify what kind of capital structure is suitable for firms in Pakistan Debt financing ( whether short-term or long term ) to what extent affects profitability To find, what extent to which equity financing affects profitability LITERATURE REVIEW: ` Laurence Booth, Varouj Aivazian, Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Vojislav Maksimovic (October1999) This study uses a new data set to assess whether capital structure theory is portable across countries with different institutional structures. They analyze capital structure choices of firms in ten developing countries, and provide evidence that these decisions are affected by the same variables as in developed countries. However, there are persistent differences across countries, indicating that specific country factors are at work. Their findings suggest that although some of the insights from modern finance theory are portable across countries, much remains to be done to understand the impact of different institutional features on capital structure choices. I M Pandey (March 2002) This paper provides new insights on the way in which the capital structure and market power and capital structure and profitability are related. They predict and show that capital structure and market power, as measured by Tobins Q, have a cubic relationship. This is due to the complex interaction of the market conditions, agency problems and bankruptcy costs. They also show saucer-shaped relation between capital structure and profitability because of the interplay of agency costs, costs of external financing and debt tax shield. Raghuram G. Rajan, Luigi Zingales They investigate the determinants of capital structure choice by analyzing the financing decisions of public firms in the major industrialized countries. At an aggregate level, firm leverage is fairly similar across the G-7 countries. They find that factors identified by previous studies as correlated in the cross-section with firm leverage in the U.S., are similarly correlated in other countries as well. However, a deeper examination of the U.S. and foreign evidence suggests that the theoretical underpinnings of the observed correlations are still largely unresolved. Josà © Marcos Carvalho de Mesquita, Josà © Edson Lara The determination of a companys capital structure constitutes a difficult decision, one that involves several and antagonistic factors, such as risk and profitability. That decision becomes even more difficult in times when the economic environment in which the company operates presents a high degree of instability. Therefore, the choice among the ideal proportion of debt and equity can affect the value of the company, as much as the return rates can. In the present study, the authors tried to examine the influence of the capital structure of Brazilian companies regarding the factor profitability. The data used in this research corresponds to the financial statements of 70 companies collected in the past seven years. There is, the historical series covers the period immediately after the implantation of Plano Real, with its consequences in terms of reduction of inflation rates, increase of interest rates and instability of the exchange rate politics. The Ordinary Least Squares ( OLS) method was employed in the estimation of a function relating the return on the equity (ROE) with the indexes of long and short-run debts, and also with the total of owners equity. The results indicate that the return rates present a positive correlation with short-term debt and equity, and an inverse correlation with long-term debt. Stewart C. Myers (spring, 2001), The study of capital structure attempts to explain the mix of securities and financing sources used by corporations to finance real investment. Most of the research on capital structure has focused on the proportions of debt vs. equity observed on the right-hand sides of corporations balance sheets. This paper is an introduction to that research. There is no universal theory of the debt-equity choice, and no reason to expect one. There are several useful conditional theories, however. For example, the tradeoff theory says that firms seek debt levels that balance the tax advantages of additional debt against the costs of possible financial distress. The tradeoff theory predicts moderate borrowing by tax-paying firms. The pecking order theory says that the firm will borrow, rather than issuing equity, when internal cash flow is not sufficient to fund capital expenditures. Thus the amount of debt will reflect the firms cumulative need for external funds. The free cashpow theory says t hat dangerously high debt levels will increase value, despite the threat of financial distress, when a firms operating cash flow significantly exceeds its profitable investment opportunities. The free cash flow theory is designed for mature firms that are prone to over invest. Erik Berglof and Ernst-Ludwig Von Thadden We study the problems of financial contracting and renegotiation between a firm and outside investors when the firm cannot commit to future payouts, but assets can be contracted upon. They show that a capital structure with multiple investors specializing in short-term and long-term claims is superior to a structure with only one type of claim, because this hardens the incentives for the entrepreneur to renegotiate the contract ex post. Depending on the parameters, the optimal capital structure also differentiates between state-independent and state-dependent long-term claims, which can be interpreted as long-term debt and equity. Milton Harris; Artur Raviv This paper surveys capital structure theories based on agency costs, asymmetric information, product/input market interactions, and corporate control considerations (but excluding text based theories). For each type of model, a brief overview of the papers surveyed and their relation to each other is provided. The central papers are described in some detail, and their results are summarized and followed by a discussion of related extensions. Each section concludes with a summary of the main implications of the models surveyed in the section. Finally these results are collected and compared to the available evidence. Suggestions for future research are provided. Long Chen; Xinlei Zhao (September 2004) This article is evidence in favor of the tradeoff theory. This evidence suggests that transaction costs are unlikely to be the main interpretation for the negative fund-debt financing decisions, the use of debt decreases with profitability even though more is caused by firms preference of internal to external funds. When resorting to external markets, more profitable firms show little incentive to rebalance their leverage ratios. Combined the profitability and leverage either. Second, through both theoretical and empirical illustration, profitable firms have lower (higher) marginal debt financing cost (benefits), suggesting that dynamic relation between profitability and leverage ratios. In addition, among firms facing internal tax considerations are unlikely to be the main reason for the negative relation between the competing theories since this pattern can arise as a mechanical result regardless of which the question of why more profitable firms have lower leverage ratios. We show that this relation theory best describes firm financing decisions. Their finding thus casts serious doubts on the We seek economic interpretations to two well-known empirical regularities. They first address we show that the mean reversion of leverage ratios may not be informative in distinguishing widely adopted convention of interpreting the mean reversion of leverage ratios as the definitive. Sheridan Titman; Roberto Wessels (Mar., 1988) This paper analyzes the explanatory power of some of the recent theories of optimal capital structure. The study extends empirical work on capital structure theory in three ways. First, it examines a much broader set of capital structure theories, many of which have not previously been analyzed empirically. Second, since the theories have different empirical implications in regard to different types of debt instruments, the authors analyze measures of short-term, long-term, and convertible debt rather than an aggregate measure of total debt. Third, the study uses a factor-analytic technique that mitigates the measurement problems encountered when working with proxy variables. STEWART C. MYERS (JULY1984) He contrasts two ways of thinking about capital structure: 1. A static tradeoff framework, in which the firm is viewed as setting a target debt-to-value ratio and gradually moving towards it, in much the same way that a firm adjusts dividends to move towards a target payout ratio. 2. An old-fashioned pecking order framework, in which the firm prefers internal to external financing and debt to equity if it issues securities. In the pure pecking order theory, the firm has no well-defined target debt-to-value ratio. Recent theoretical work has breathed new life into the pecking order framework. He argues that this theory performs at least as well as the static tradeoff theory in explaining what we know about actual financing choices and their average impacts on stock prices. DATA: We will obtain data of six years (2001-2006) of KSE-100 index listed companies from five sectors. These sectors include Fertilizer Sector, Tobacco, Oil and Gas Marketing, Oil and Gas Exploration and Cement. For this study only secondary data will be used and majority of data will gathered from the publication and the official websites of the exchanges for comparison. Equity: A firms total assets minus its total liabilities, equivalently it is  share capital plus retained earnings minus treasury shares.  Shareholders equity  represents the amount by which  a company is financed through common and preferred shares. Shareholders equity comes from two main sources. The first and original source is the money that was originally invested in the company along with any additional  investments made thereafter. The second comes from retained earnings which the company is able to accumulate over time through  its operations. In most cases, the retained earnings portion  is the largest component. Short-term debt: Short-term comprised of any debt incurred by a company that is due to within one year. It is also called unfunded debt. Its value is very important in determining companys financial health. If its amount is larger than the companys cash and cash equivalents, this suggests that the company may be in poor financial health and does not have enough cash to pay off its short-term debts. Although short-term debts are due within a year, there may be a portion of the long-term debt included in this account. This portion pertains to payments that must be made on any long-term debt throughout the year. Long-term debt: It is an obligation having a maturity of more than one year from the date it was issued. It is also called funded debt. The amount of long term debt on a companys balance sheet is crucial.   It refers to money the company owes that it doesnt expect to pay off in the next year.   Long term debt consists of things such as mortgages on corporate buildings and / or land, as well as business loans. A great sign of prosperity is when a balance sheet shows the amount of long term debt has been decreasing for one or more years. Total debt/ liability: Total debt/ liability is equal to the sum of long-term debt and short-term debt. It comprises of the total debt which a company have to pay. Profitability: Profitability is measured with income and expenses. Income is money generated from the activities of the business. Expenses are the cost of resources used up or consumed by the activities of the business. Profitability is measured with an income statement. HYPOTHESIS: Capital structure (proportion of debt and equity) of a firm affects its profitability Methodology: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: To examine proportion of debt and equity affects the profitability of the firms we use a following function. ROE=f (STD/TL, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, LTD /SHE, U) In this function we took ROE as a function of STD/TL, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, LTD /SHE, U Where; ROE is the profitability ratio and it corresponds to Net Profit to Equity, STD/TL corresponds to short-term debt to total liability, LTD/TL shows the ratio of Long-Term Debt to Total Liability, SHE/TL is the ratio of Share Holders Equity to Total Liability, LTD /SHE corresponds to the Long-Term Debt to Share Holders Equity, And U is the Error term. We use these ratios to determine that how much a portion of the capital structure in a firm RATIOS: ROE: A measure of how well a company used reinvested earnings to generate additional earnings, equal to a fiscal years after-tax income divided by book value, expressed as a percentage. It is used as a general indication of the companys efficiency; in other words, how much profit it is able to generate given the resources provided by its stockholders. Investors usually look for companies with returns on equity that are high and growing. STD/TL: This ratio indicates that how much a portion of short-term debt is used in total debt. This ratio helps us to determine the value of short-term debt that a company uses. LTD/TL: This ratio provides a value of long-term debt out of total debt. This ratio will help us to determine that how much a portion of long-term debt is used. SHE/TL: This ratio shows the companys equity in relation to debt, greater this ratio shows that there are excess earning available for dividend and there is a greater margin of safety for investors or low debt charges. Greater the ratio lower the risk. LTD /SHE: This ratio helps us to explain that how much a proportion of a companys long-term debt compared to its available capital is used. By using this ratio investor can identify the amount of companys risk exposure. Results and Discussion: The ratios are calculated and after that we took the average and standard deviation of the sector. The descriptive statistics of the analyzed data are shown in the tables below: Fertilizer Sector: Fertilizer sector has four listed companies and we also took four companies. Table 1. The table shows the data of Fertilizer Sector for the year 2001-2006 Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.328594 0.221084239 STD/TL 0.771944 0.221882109 LTD/TL 0.228056 0.231732808 SHE/TL 0.941613 2.008654713 LTD /SHE 0.314748 1.076046782 The data is taken from the financial statements of Fertilizer companies after calculating return on equity (ROE) of each company. As the average value of ROE is positive it indicates that the sector shows a good performance in the analyzed period. Its standard deviation shows the low dispersion of data. The variable STD/TL shows short-term debt in relation to a total liability. The average 0.73 shows that short-run debt corresponds to 73% of the total liability in this sector. The value of standard deviation shows a low dispersion of data. The variable LTD/TL corresponds to the long-term debt to the total liability. The average 0.26 shows that the total liability constitutes a 26% of long-term debt in fertilizer sector. Standard deviation indicates that there is low dispersion of data indicating a low diversity in the choice of long-term financing option for companies. The variable SHE/TL represents the participation of equity in the company financing. The index SHE/TL, presents average of 0.94 this average shows that this sector uses comparatively low debt financing and standard deviation of 2.008, which shows a high dispersion of data. The variable LTD/SHE shows that 31% of long-term debt is used in comparison to equity. There is a high dispersion of data. Tobacco Sector: Tobacco sector has total three companies and we took all these companies Table.2 The table shows the data of tobacco for the year 2001-2006 Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.240611 0.252326572 STD/TL 0.950483 0.056866476 LTD/TL 0.049517 0.066776577 SHE/TL 0.644447 1.262782892 LTD /SHE 0.026318 0.11588583 This table shows the average and standard deviation of tobacco sector. As the average value of ROE is positive it indicates that the sector shows a good performance in the analyzed period. Its standard deviation shows the low dispersion of data. The variable STD/TL shows short-term debt in relation to a total liability. The average 0.95 shows that short-run debt corresponds to 95% of the total liability in this sector. The value of standard deviation shows a low dispersion of data. The variable LTD/TL corresponds to the long-term debt to the total liability. The average 0.04 shows that the total liability constitutes a 4% of long-term debt in this sector. Standard deviation indicates that there is low dispersion of data indicating a low diversity in the choice of long-term financing option for co mpanies. The variable SHE/TL represents the participation of equity in the company financing. The index SHE/TL, presents average of 0.64 this average shows that this sector uses comparatively low debt financing and its standard deviation 1.26 shows a high dispersion of data. The variable LTD/SHE shows that financial leverage of a sector. Its average value is 0.02 shows a little proportion of long-term debt used, and there is a little dispersion of data. Oil and Gas Marketing: In Oil and Gas Marketing sector there are seven companies and four as a sample were chosen. Table.3 The table shows the data of Oil and Gas Marketing for the year 2001-2006. Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.174301 0.07058567 STD/TL 0.856325 0.133468824 LTD/TL 0.143675 0.122458627 SHE/TL 1.971033 0.901354066 LTD /SHE 0.289004 0.265712772 The return on equity in this sector is low but positive showing good performance of this sector, low dispersion of data indicating low variability in the choice of equity financing. The variable STD/TL shows that portion of short-term debt used in total debt is 85% and portion of long-term debt is 14% indicating that in this sector short-term financing is used more than a long-term financing, and dispersion of data is almost same in both variables STD/TL and LTD/TL. The average value of SHE/TL shown by data is 1.97 shows high portion of equity used in this sector and also high dispersion of data. The average of ratio LTD/SHE is 0.28 showing little portion of long-term debt used in relation to equity and also low dispersion of data. Oil and Gas Exploration: Oil and Gas Exploration has total four listed companies and we took two as sample Table.4 The table shows the data of Oil and Gas Exploration for the year 2001-2006. Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.283569 0.14484408 STD/TL 0.906538 0.107109764 LTD/TL 0.093462 0.116129665 SHE/TL 1.411654 1.098681229 LTD /SHE 0.180385 0.24426594 In Oil and Gas Exploration sector the average of ROE is 0.28 which is positive showing efficient performance of this sector and dispersion of data is low. The variable STD/TL and LTD/TL shows the portion of short-term debt and long-term debt as 90% and 9% respectively and dispersion of data in both variables is low. The variable SHE/TL shows a high dispersion of data indicating high variability in the choice of equity financing its average value according to given data indicates that this sector is using high equity. The average of the ratio LTD/SHE shows that little share of long-term debt is used. Cement Sector: Total listed companies in cement sector are twenty three and we have taken sixteen as sample from this sector. Table.5 The table shows the data of Cement for the year 2001-2006. Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.012989 0.798476188 STD/TL 0.569325 0.285958503 LTD/TL 0.43402 0.275472458 SHE/TL 2.034975 5.538369892 LTD /SHE 0.374572 6.614605791 The data in this table shows average and standard deviation, of cement sector, which is derived from the information collected in the financial statements of the companies. The return rate measured by the return on equity is positive which indicates that sector is good performing in the analyzed period and dispersion is not high. The average of the variable STD/TL is 0.57 that shows that in this sector share of the short term debt is 57% and dispersion of data is low. The variable LTD/TL indicates the portion of long-term debt in capital structure of the firms; its average is 0.43 which indicates that 43% long term debt is used of the total debt. The dispersion of the data is low. The average of SHE/TL indicates higher portion of equity used in relation to total debt, and higher dispersion of dat a. The average of LTD/SHE shows that 37% of long term debt is used in correspondence to share holders equity is used in this sector indicating very high dispersion of data Analysis: Correlation: Correlation is a measure of the degree to which any two variables vary together. In other words, two variables are said to be correlated if they tend to simultaneously vary in some direction. If both the variables tend to increase (or decrease) together, the correlation is and said to be direct or positive. If one variable tends to increase as the other variable decreases, the correlation is said to be negative or inverse. The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship (positive or negative). STD/TL SHE/TL LTD/TL LTD /SHE ROE STD/TL 1 -.123 -.746 -.182 .085 SHE/TL -.123 1 .162 .233 -.855 LTD/TL -.746 .162 1 .002 -.096 LTD /SHE -.182 .233 .002 1 -.225 ROE .085 -.855 -.096 -.225 1 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). The correlation between STD/TL and SHE/TL is -0.123 which indicates that they move in an opposite direction, lower the share holders equity higher will be the short-term borrowing of the firm and vice versa. The correlation between STD/TL and LTD/TL is -0.746 which indicates an inverse relationship between these variables, it shows that if the firm uses more short-term debt the portion of its long-term debt will be less, as the correlation is close to -1 show that they are strongly negatively correlated. The correspondence between STD/TL and LTD/SHE is -0.182 which indicates that it is not strongly correlated but has a negative relationship, shows that high the portion of debt affects the portion equity used in the companys capital structure. The relationship between SHE/TL and LTD/TL is 0.162 indicating positi ve relation, which means that greater the debt higher will be financial leverage of the company. The relationship between SHE/TL and LTD /SHE is 0.233 indicating that greater the financial leverage greater will be the ability to pay long term debt. The correlation between ROE and STD/TL is 0.085 shows a positive relation and indicates that higher will be the portion of short-term debt in total liability higher will be the return on equity. The correlation between ROE and SHE/TL is -0.855 shows the negative relation between return on equity and financial leverage. Greater the financial leverage lesser will be the return on equity. The correlation between ROE and LTD/TL is -0.096 indicates a negative relation between these ratios as the portion of long-term debt in total liability increases the return on equity will decrease. The correlation between ROE and LTD/SHE is -0.225 is inverse. When companys long-term borrowing is excessive it will reduces share holders equity and this in turn affects this ratio of LTD/SHE and when this ratio increases it will decrease the return on equity. Regression: Regression investigates the dependence of one variable, conventionally called a dependent variable, on one or more other variables called independent variable. The relation between the expected value of the dependent variable and the independent variable is called regression relation. In our study we are using multiple regressions. Variables Entered/Removed Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 LTD/SHE, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, STD/TL . Enter a All requested variables entered. b Dependent Variable: ROE None of the variable is removed. Model Summary: Model R R2 Adjusted R2 Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .857 .735 .729 .327269 a Predictors: (Constant), LPPL, ELP, PL, ECP R is a multiple correlation coefficient. The co-efficient of multiple determination lies between 0 and 1. As the value of R is 0.857 is closer to 1 indicate strong relationship. R2 shows the variability in the dependent variable (ROE) due to independent variables (LTD/SHE, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, STD/TL). Greater value of R2 indicates that this model fits the data well and also shows that the change in ROE is 73.5% affected by these independent variables which are LTD/SHE, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, STD/TL. This table also indicates that approximately 32.7% changes in ROE are due to some other factors. We call it an Error term. Conclusion: It has been observed that the sectors we have chosen use more portion of short-term debt than long-term debt. As the ratio STD/TL is greater than LTD/TL. Its also been observed that the correlation between ROE and STD/TL is 0.085 shows a positive relation and indicates that higher the portion of short-term debt in total liability higher will be the return on equity. There might be many reasons that why the companies use more short-term debt than long-term debt. Few are that a short-term loan can be obtained much faster than long-term credit, if a business requires funds in a hurry; it looks to the short-term credit markets. ROE has a negative correlation with the long-term debt as long term debt in companies financial statement is crucial. The method we used shows that the profitability of a firm is affected 73% by a mix of capital structure and 27% by other factors. The least square method we used proves our hypothesis that profitability is affected by capital structure.

Essay on Foundation of Mythology Short Answers - 717 Words

Foundation of Mythology Short Answers Philip Calio Hum 105 5/22/2013 Elisabeth Nicholes Foundation of Mythology Short Answers â€Å"It’s a Myth.† A term commonly used today but what does it mean? It is a term used to describe the questions humans cannot answer such as the explanation of the meaning of the universe or why we are here. Myths reflect human nature, with its needs and desires, hopes and fears (Rosenberg, 2006). Academically myths are studied to understand the anthropology of past cultures. My definition of a myth is tales or stories passed down from generation to generation that gives us our beliefs and guiding principles which we use to determine how we will interact with the world. Myths from different cultures†¦show more content†¦Religion and mythology are intertwined as many cultural religious beliefs were and are based on mythological stories. The bible is a historical pass down of stories or myths as it relates to Christianity. These myths or religious teachings are important to humans and their ability to cope with their daily tribulations because it gives them a sense of someone or something greater than them that they hope will guide them through whatever they are dealing with. This was evident with prisoner-of-war who initially went into captivity as atheists and found out they needed to believe in something greater and came out of captivity having found some type of religion. Mythology still holds a place in today’s contemporary pop culture because if you look at the things people do in their lives you will still see mythological influences in them. Such as, a newlywed couple may have dreams of the stereotypical desire of a large house, large family with the proverbial â€Å"white picket fence† around it. This couple may not have ever experienced any of that yet cultures has passed down the idea of that being the pinnacle of a successful marriage and family and if you get that, than you are almost guaranteed happiness. The truth is that many will never reach anything close to that because of external in internal changes to that couple. Although in American society today, we assume people are more educated and lessShow MoreRelatedFoundations of Mythology870 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Mythology Short Answers Jessica McTavish HUM 105 January 14, 2013 Roxanne Russell Foundations of Mythology Short Answers How is the word myth used popularly? For example, what does the statement, â€Å"It’s a myth† mean? In contrast, how is the word myth used in the academic context? After considering the definition in your textbooks and course materials, write a definition in your own words. The statement â€Å"It’s a myth† to me means that it is not true or not fully true. 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Andy Warhol Essay - 1048 Words

As a profound influence on the twentieth century pop art movement, Andy Warhol ascended to become a cornerstone in the modern art world. After taking cues from society in the mid-twentieth century, as well as conversing with Muriel Latow, Warhol did what many artists strived to do but failed. Andy also extracted many of his ideas from other artists and built on them. He put a culture on canvas and revolutionized pop art for a life time. The nineteen sixties, seventies, and eighties were periods of self righteousness and discovery. With many new styles and beliefs arising during those eras, Warhol’s imagination would begin to produce ideas that were unheard of but revolutionary at the same time. American values were altered and so†¦show more content†¦The death of very popular movie star Marilyn Monroe sparked Warhol’s interest to expose the realities of the pop culture. Monroe was a sex icon, fashion icon, as well as a cultural icon for the nineteen fifties and sixties. â€Å"The potent memory of the pathos and mystery of Marilyn’s death with the long-lived speculation surrounding it elevated her to the greatest modern star status. Warhol’s paintings participated in the public consolidation† (Copplestone 25). â€Å"Andy exaggerated the features of Marilyn Monroe that had made her beautiful† (Bolton 19). Also, the popularity of celebrities such as Jackie Kennedy and Elvis Presley soon began to sweep the nation (Wrbican). Warhol saw these people as icons for the sixties and also saw them as an inspiration to what would become his new art works. Despite how happy, pretty, or ideal the celebrities seemed on television, they were disasters in reality and Warhol executed his exposure of these secrets through pop art. After World War two had ended and the United States had entered the Vietnam War, the theme of mortality became less shocking to the population than in the years prior. With the acceptance of such things, Warhol decided to create a series of brutal artwork that would exemplify the understanding of life and death. â€Å"His series of death and disaster included paintings of electric chairs, suicides, and car crashes† (Wrbican). Warhol wantedShow MoreRelated Andy Warhol Essays946 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican art, Andy Warhol was obsessed with fame, glamour, and money. He is best known for his images of stars and celebrities and for his reproductions of symbols of the American society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andrew Warhola’s (he later dropped the â€Å"a†) birth date is uncertain, Andy said himself that his birth certificate had been forged and June 6, 1928 became the date taken as his birthday. Others say he was born December 6, 1930 and then others say it was August 6, 1928. 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My Experience With The United States Essay - 776 Words

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