Most Noticeable Topics for a Descriptive Essay

Most Noticeable Topics for a Descriptive Essay You don't need to get a definite viewpoint. In short you'll be weighing the topics with respect to information content. That means you must carefully select the details, but don't let yourself be scared to explore something that at first sight appears to be insignificant. You might be interested in adding some details in the event you require telling something more about your principal object. Want to Know More About Topics for a Descriptive Essay? To leave an enduring impression, you can also tell your readers a quick story, joke, or earn a call to action. Basically, you merely pick a topic that is simpler for you so you can paint palpable pictures in the mind of the reader. The nature of the emotional part is to produce a type of special connection between the topic topic and reader. Writing descriptive essay students need to be more personal and use their imagination to the complete extent. Sometimes they do not realize ho w to start a descriptive essay on their own. List of Descriptive Essay Topics Of many different kinds of essays a student might have to write, the descriptive one is unquestionably the easiest. If you are searching for topics for descriptive essays then there's a great likelihood that you're unsure of your abilities of how to compose a very good essay. Therefore, below are some basic strategies that will help you in writing of good descriptive essay. If you are a newcomer to writing informative essays or simply struggle when it has to do with thinking of informative essay topics, then there's an excellent chance you may be searching for some help. If you're tasked with writing a descriptive essay there are lots of things you can write about. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Topics for a Descriptive Essay Perhaps the main thing that you have to not forget is that you're required to compose an essay instead of simply to describe something. The aim of a conclusion is to sum up the entire essay, but it shouldn't repeat the principal ideas word to word. First and foremost you need to select an intriguing topic. Describe a moment once you felt sad. Everybody has a favo rite object they treasure. Describe the garden or a lot of flowers in order for your reader can see it and smell it in their mind. Give a tour around the room you're in and describe a few parts of furniture you could see Describe your favourite toy from childhood Describe your favourite outfit. Your favourite book store As you may see, there's an endless variety of topics to pick from for a descriptive essay. It is possible to also read your essay to other folks to receive their feedback. Begin with choosing an object or emotion you wish to describe. When you select the topic which suits you most, bear in mind the reason you write your essay, concentrate on the main details to tell about in your text and don't neglect the value of senses and feelings in your essay. Certainly, it's a central element of life. What to Expect From Topics for a Descriptive Essay? Whatever the case, students' essay is going to have the exact same standard format. Various teachers decorate their classes in various manners. Before students select their topics, they ought to know about the essential length. In any case, very often students may pick any topic they like. Description embedded in an argument paper, as an example, might be intended to earn a position more persuasive. Though, there are particular patterns that you are going to follow when you compose a descriptive essay. Think about a tree you've seen. It's important to get a very clear vision of your paper. A descriptive essay may have a lot of purposes, but the fundamental structure stays the same irrespective of the subject. The absolute most important thing here is to select among the most effective descriptive essay topics, as failing to select a write topic will prevent you from turning in an excellent essay. The structure of such essay is based on the topic. The structure of this kind of essay is comparable to a lot of others it should incorporate an introduction, a most important part and a concl usion. Generally the toughest facet of developing a descriptive essay is picking the topic. The options are endless. The topics are abstract because thus you'll be able to discover your own approach better. Observing detailsOnce you're prepared to abandon the effort to spell out or to tell about, evaluate your subject in conditions of visual, auditory, and other sensory information. Describe your perfect living place or the location where you live in order for your reader can picture it clearly. Consider a moment once you met someone you didn't see for a very long time by way of example, a friend or a relative. A person that has disappointed you 51. The issue with not being detailed enough is that the reader is unable to get in touch with the individuals, places and settings students are attempting to describe.

The Artifacts And Artifacts Of Pottery Of The East Coast...

In the summer of 2016, recreational divers discovered fragments of pottery of the East coast of Crete near the Palace at Zakros. The fragments depicted artwork resembling that of ancient Minoan culture, specific to the Late Minoan IA-IB period. A team of archeologists returned to the location to start a week long search for any other Minoan artifacts. Divers were able to locate a shipwreck where the artifacts originated from. The ship, which was named by divers as â€Å"Minos’s Treasureâ€Å" (there is no substantiated claim to be connected to the mythical King; the divers thought it was a clever name) , is located at DMS- 35 °5’38.395†N 26 °17’23.783†E at a depth of 20 meters. The site is approximately 1.65 miles/2.65 km from the Palace of Zakros and 341.15 miles/549 km from present day Alexandria (see attached images). â€Å"Minos’s Treasureâ€Å" was completely covered in sediment, which is why the site had not had been uncovered unt il now. Consequently, the sediment preserved the ship remarkably well. Divers were only able to excavate a small amount of sediment due to inadequate equipment and a short amount of time allotted to the expedition. What was found is proof for the need of further attention from the archeological community. The forward section of the top deck was the only area where significant progress was made. The ship’s hull and decking is completely intact, yet little is known about the full design due to large portion of sediment yet to be removed. A sample of the wood wasShow MoreRelatedThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesxxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a defining trait of human beings? EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TO ABOUT 1000 B.C.E. page 5 HOW DID control over water resources influence early Middle Eastern civilizations? ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices

New Finance Faces An Important Question Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5010 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The logic for an organization is its objectives. Each business organization tries to achieve its objectives by integrating different functions related to finance, marketing, personnel and operations. Finance is one of the major and important financial areas of each profit and non-profit organization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "New Finance Faces An Important Question Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Not only for organizations, finance is quite critical for ones personal decisions also like where to invest savings? Companies who are in need of new finance faces an important question whether to raise debt or equity. There is less empirical evidence on how companies select the proper ratio of equity and debt at given point in time. Capital structure is the mix of the long term sources of funds used by the firm. Prudent capital structure requires answer to the following questions What should be maturity composition of the firms sources of funds In what proportion relative to the total should the various forms of permanent financing utilized The major influence of the maturity structure of the financing plans is the nature of assets owned by the firm. A firm heaving real capital investment, presented primarily by its fixed asset on its balance sheet, they have to finance those assets with permanent types of financial capital, investment in current assets should be fina nced with permanent capital. Assets are financed on temporary basis and it is also observed that companies current liabilities are consist of temporary capital. The objective of the capital structure is the source of the funds used by a firm in the way that will increase the companys common stock price. We may say that capital structure management is the objective by which firm seeks the mix of funds that will minimize its cost of capital. IMPORTANCE OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: It makes economic sense of the firms to strive to minimize the cost of the using financial capital. Both capital costs and other costs, such as the manufacturing cost share a common characteristic in that it potentially reduces the size of the cash and dividend that could be paid to the common stock holders. The ultimate value of a share of common stock depends in parts on the returns investors expect to receive from holding the stock. Cash dividends comprise all part of these expected returns. All factors held constant that could affect share price expect capital cost. If capital costs would keep minimized, the dividend stream that flows to the common stockholders would be maximized. In result of this the firms common stock price increases. The firms capital cost can be affected by its capital structure, and then capital structure management is clearly an important subset of business financial management. Profitability is the primary goal of all businesses. Without profitabilit y the business will not survive in the long run. Profitability is measured with income and expenses. Expenses are the cost of resources used up or consumed by the activities of the business. Profitability is defined in two ways economic profit and accounting profit. Economic profit gives a long term perspective of the business. Accounting profit provides an intermediate view of the feasibility of business. One year losses may not permanently harm the business. Consecutive years loss may make your business vulnerable. Profitability is measured with an income statement because income statement is measure of income and expenses during a given time period. Profitability measurement is an important measure of the business success. The most important task of business managers is to increase profitability of the firm. They always look for the ways to improve business profitability. A variety of profitability ratios are used to access profitability of the business. CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISION MAKING: Capital structure decisions are of the strategic importance for the organizations. Capital structure decisions are complex ones that involve weighing a variety of factors. The decision of capital structure becomes even more difficult where economic condition, like our country, is uncertain. Capital structure decisions have direct impact on firm value and return to stakeholders. With respect to capital structure firms are divided into two classes, Unleveled and Leveled firms. An unleveled firm uses only equity capital. A leveled firm uses a mix of equity and various forms of liabilities like bank debt, marketable bonds and debentures. Firms with strong profitability, reserve funds and high market dominance tend to have stable sales levels, assets that make good collateral for loans and a high growth rate which adopt high-risk production strategy and use more debt. In other words, firms at relatively lower and higher levels of market power employ more debt because if a business ca n earn a higher rate of return than the interest rate at which it borrows, it becomes profitable for the business to borrow money, while firms at intermediate level of market dominance are vulnerable to rivals competitive threat and reduce their debt. It is the financial managers responsibility to raise the money for the investment in real assets. When a company needs funds they can adopt one of the two options they may issue shares to investors and promise to give them share of the profit or they may take loan from investors and promise them to pay a series of payments. It is the financial managers responsibility to raise the money for the investment in real assets. When a company needs funds they can adopt one of the two options: They float shares and promise to give shares of the profit They make loan from investors and promise them to pay a series of interest payments. Therefore the focus of this study is to find whether the capital structure of the firm affect th e profitability of the firm or not. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To identify what kind of capital structure is suitable for firms in Pakistan Debt financing ( whether short-term or long term ) to what extent affects profitability To find, what extent to which equity financing affects profitability LITERATURE REVIEW: ` Laurence Booth, Varouj Aivazian, Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Vojislav Maksimovic (October1999) This study uses a new data set to assess whether capital structure theory is portable across countries with different institutional structures. They analyze capital structure choices of firms in ten developing countries, and provide evidence that these decisions are affected by the same variables as in developed countries. However, there are persistent differences across countries, indicating that specific country factors are at work. Their findings suggest that although some of the insights from modern finance theory are portable across countries, much remains to be done to understand the impact of different institutional features on capital structure choices. I M Pandey (March 2002) This paper provides new insights on the way in which the capital structure and market power and capital structure and profitability are related. They predict and show that capital structure and market power, as measured by Tobins Q, have a cubic relationship. This is due to the complex interaction of the market conditions, agency problems and bankruptcy costs. They also show saucer-shaped relation between capital structure and profitability because of the interplay of agency costs, costs of external financing and debt tax shield. Raghuram G. Rajan, Luigi Zingales They investigate the determinants of capital structure choice by analyzing the financing decisions of public firms in the major industrialized countries. At an aggregate level, firm leverage is fairly similar across the G-7 countries. They find that factors identified by previous studies as correlated in the cross-section with firm leverage in the U.S., are similarly correlated in other countries as well. However, a deeper examination of the U.S. and foreign evidence suggests that the theoretical underpinnings of the observed correlations are still largely unresolved. Josà © Marcos Carvalho de Mesquita, Josà © Edson Lara The determination of a companys capital structure constitutes a difficult decision, one that involves several and antagonistic factors, such as risk and profitability. That decision becomes even more difficult in times when the economic environment in which the company operates presents a high degree of instability. Therefore, the choice among the ideal proportion of debt and equity can affect the value of the company, as much as the return rates can. In the present study, the authors tried to examine the influence of the capital structure of Brazilian companies regarding the factor profitability. The data used in this research corresponds to the financial statements of 70 companies collected in the past seven years. There is, the historical series covers the period immediately after the implantation of Plano Real, with its consequences in terms of reduction of inflation rates, increase of interest rates and instability of the exchange rate politics. The Ordinary Least Squares ( OLS) method was employed in the estimation of a function relating the return on the equity (ROE) with the indexes of long and short-run debts, and also with the total of owners equity. The results indicate that the return rates present a positive correlation with short-term debt and equity, and an inverse correlation with long-term debt. Stewart C. Myers (spring, 2001), The study of capital structure attempts to explain the mix of securities and financing sources used by corporations to finance real investment. Most of the research on capital structure has focused on the proportions of debt vs. equity observed on the right-hand sides of corporations balance sheets. This paper is an introduction to that research. There is no universal theory of the debt-equity choice, and no reason to expect one. There are several useful conditional theories, however. For example, the tradeoff theory says that firms seek debt levels that balance the tax advantages of additional debt against the costs of possible financial distress. The tradeoff theory predicts moderate borrowing by tax-paying firms. The pecking order theory says that the firm will borrow, rather than issuing equity, when internal cash flow is not sufficient to fund capital expenditures. Thus the amount of debt will reflect the firms cumulative need for external funds. The free cashpow theory says t hat dangerously high debt levels will increase value, despite the threat of financial distress, when a firms operating cash flow significantly exceeds its profitable investment opportunities. The free cash flow theory is designed for mature firms that are prone to over invest. Erik Berglof and Ernst-Ludwig Von Thadden We study the problems of financial contracting and renegotiation between a firm and outside investors when the firm cannot commit to future payouts, but assets can be contracted upon. They show that a capital structure with multiple investors specializing in short-term and long-term claims is superior to a structure with only one type of claim, because this hardens the incentives for the entrepreneur to renegotiate the contract ex post. Depending on the parameters, the optimal capital structure also differentiates between state-independent and state-dependent long-term claims, which can be interpreted as long-term debt and equity. Milton Harris; Artur Raviv This paper surveys capital structure theories based on agency costs, asymmetric information, product/input market interactions, and corporate control considerations (but excluding text based theories). For each type of model, a brief overview of the papers surveyed and their relation to each other is provided. The central papers are described in some detail, and their results are summarized and followed by a discussion of related extensions. Each section concludes with a summary of the main implications of the models surveyed in the section. Finally these results are collected and compared to the available evidence. Suggestions for future research are provided. Long Chen; Xinlei Zhao (September 2004) This article is evidence in favor of the tradeoff theory. This evidence suggests that transaction costs are unlikely to be the main interpretation for the negative fund-debt financing decisions, the use of debt decreases with profitability even though more is caused by firms preference of internal to external funds. When resorting to external markets, more profitable firms show little incentive to rebalance their leverage ratios. Combined the profitability and leverage either. Second, through both theoretical and empirical illustration, profitable firms have lower (higher) marginal debt financing cost (benefits), suggesting that dynamic relation between profitability and leverage ratios. In addition, among firms facing internal tax considerations are unlikely to be the main reason for the negative relation between the competing theories since this pattern can arise as a mechanical result regardless of which the question of why more profitable firms have lower leverage ratios. We show that this relation theory best describes firm financing decisions. Their finding thus casts serious doubts on the We seek economic interpretations to two well-known empirical regularities. They first address we show that the mean reversion of leverage ratios may not be informative in distinguishing widely adopted convention of interpreting the mean reversion of leverage ratios as the definitive. Sheridan Titman; Roberto Wessels (Mar., 1988) This paper analyzes the explanatory power of some of the recent theories of optimal capital structure. The study extends empirical work on capital structure theory in three ways. First, it examines a much broader set of capital structure theories, many of which have not previously been analyzed empirically. Second, since the theories have different empirical implications in regard to different types of debt instruments, the authors analyze measures of short-term, long-term, and convertible debt rather than an aggregate measure of total debt. Third, the study uses a factor-analytic technique that mitigates the measurement problems encountered when working with proxy variables. STEWART C. MYERS (JULY1984) He contrasts two ways of thinking about capital structure: 1. A static tradeoff framework, in which the firm is viewed as setting a target debt-to-value ratio and gradually moving towards it, in much the same way that a firm adjusts dividends to move towards a target payout ratio. 2. An old-fashioned pecking order framework, in which the firm prefers internal to external financing and debt to equity if it issues securities. In the pure pecking order theory, the firm has no well-defined target debt-to-value ratio. Recent theoretical work has breathed new life into the pecking order framework. He argues that this theory performs at least as well as the static tradeoff theory in explaining what we know about actual financing choices and their average impacts on stock prices. DATA: We will obtain data of six years (2001-2006) of KSE-100 index listed companies from five sectors. These sectors include Fertilizer Sector, Tobacco, Oil and Gas Marketing, Oil and Gas Exploration and Cement. For this study only secondary data will be used and majority of data will gathered from the publication and the official websites of the exchanges for comparison. Equity: A firms total assets minus its total liabilities, equivalently it is  share capital plus retained earnings minus treasury shares.  Shareholders equity  represents the amount by which  a company is financed through common and preferred shares. Shareholders equity comes from two main sources. The first and original source is the money that was originally invested in the company along with any additional  investments made thereafter. The second comes from retained earnings which the company is able to accumulate over time through  its operations. In most cases, the retained earnings portion  is the largest component. Short-term debt: Short-term comprised of any debt incurred by a company that is due to within one year. It is also called unfunded debt. Its value is very important in determining companys financial health. If its amount is larger than the companys cash and cash equivalents, this suggests that the company may be in poor financial health and does not have enough cash to pay off its short-term debts. Although short-term debts are due within a year, there may be a portion of the long-term debt included in this account. This portion pertains to payments that must be made on any long-term debt throughout the year. Long-term debt: It is an obligation having a maturity of more than one year from the date it was issued. It is also called funded debt. The amount of long term debt on a companys balance sheet is crucial.   It refers to money the company owes that it doesnt expect to pay off in the next year.   Long term debt consists of things such as mortgages on corporate buildings and / or land, as well as business loans. A great sign of prosperity is when a balance sheet shows the amount of long term debt has been decreasing for one or more years. Total debt/ liability: Total debt/ liability is equal to the sum of long-term debt and short-term debt. It comprises of the total debt which a company have to pay. Profitability: Profitability is measured with income and expenses. Income is money generated from the activities of the business. Expenses are the cost of resources used up or consumed by the activities of the business. Profitability is measured with an income statement. HYPOTHESIS: Capital structure (proportion of debt and equity) of a firm affects its profitability Methodology: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: To examine proportion of debt and equity affects the profitability of the firms we use a following function. ROE=f (STD/TL, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, LTD /SHE, U) In this function we took ROE as a function of STD/TL, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, LTD /SHE, U Where; ROE is the profitability ratio and it corresponds to Net Profit to Equity, STD/TL corresponds to short-term debt to total liability, LTD/TL shows the ratio of Long-Term Debt to Total Liability, SHE/TL is the ratio of Share Holders Equity to Total Liability, LTD /SHE corresponds to the Long-Term Debt to Share Holders Equity, And U is the Error term. We use these ratios to determine that how much a portion of the capital structure in a firm RATIOS: ROE: A measure of how well a company used reinvested earnings to generate additional earnings, equal to a fiscal years after-tax income divided by book value, expressed as a percentage. It is used as a general indication of the companys efficiency; in other words, how much profit it is able to generate given the resources provided by its stockholders. Investors usually look for companies with returns on equity that are high and growing. STD/TL: This ratio indicates that how much a portion of short-term debt is used in total debt. This ratio helps us to determine the value of short-term debt that a company uses. LTD/TL: This ratio provides a value of long-term debt out of total debt. This ratio will help us to determine that how much a portion of long-term debt is used. SHE/TL: This ratio shows the companys equity in relation to debt, greater this ratio shows that there are excess earning available for dividend and there is a greater margin of safety for investors or low debt charges. Greater the ratio lower the risk. LTD /SHE: This ratio helps us to explain that how much a proportion of a companys long-term debt compared to its available capital is used. By using this ratio investor can identify the amount of companys risk exposure. Results and Discussion: The ratios are calculated and after that we took the average and standard deviation of the sector. The descriptive statistics of the analyzed data are shown in the tables below: Fertilizer Sector: Fertilizer sector has four listed companies and we also took four companies. Table 1. The table shows the data of Fertilizer Sector for the year 2001-2006 Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.328594 0.221084239 STD/TL 0.771944 0.221882109 LTD/TL 0.228056 0.231732808 SHE/TL 0.941613 2.008654713 LTD /SHE 0.314748 1.076046782 The data is taken from the financial statements of Fertilizer companies after calculating return on equity (ROE) of each company. As the average value of ROE is positive it indicates that the sector shows a good performance in the analyzed period. Its standard deviation shows the low dispersion of data. The variable STD/TL shows short-term debt in relation to a total liability. The average 0.73 shows that short-run debt corresponds to 73% of the total liability in this sector. The value of standard deviation shows a low dispersion of data. The variable LTD/TL corresponds to the long-term debt to the total liability. The average 0.26 shows that the total liability constitutes a 26% of long-term debt in fertilizer sector. Standard deviation indicates that there is low dispersion of data indicating a low diversity in the choice of long-term financing option for companies. The variable SHE/TL represents the participation of equity in the company financing. The index SHE/TL, presents average of 0.94 this average shows that this sector uses comparatively low debt financing and standard deviation of 2.008, which shows a high dispersion of data. The variable LTD/SHE shows that 31% of long-term debt is used in comparison to equity. There is a high dispersion of data. Tobacco Sector: Tobacco sector has total three companies and we took all these companies Table.2 The table shows the data of tobacco for the year 2001-2006 Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.240611 0.252326572 STD/TL 0.950483 0.056866476 LTD/TL 0.049517 0.066776577 SHE/TL 0.644447 1.262782892 LTD /SHE 0.026318 0.11588583 This table shows the average and standard deviation of tobacco sector. As the average value of ROE is positive it indicates that the sector shows a good performance in the analyzed period. Its standard deviation shows the low dispersion of data. The variable STD/TL shows short-term debt in relation to a total liability. The average 0.95 shows that short-run debt corresponds to 95% of the total liability in this sector. The value of standard deviation shows a low dispersion of data. The variable LTD/TL corresponds to the long-term debt to the total liability. The average 0.04 shows that the total liability constitutes a 4% of long-term debt in this sector. Standard deviation indicates that there is low dispersion of data indicating a low diversity in the choice of long-term financing option for co mpanies. The variable SHE/TL represents the participation of equity in the company financing. The index SHE/TL, presents average of 0.64 this average shows that this sector uses comparatively low debt financing and its standard deviation 1.26 shows a high dispersion of data. The variable LTD/SHE shows that financial leverage of a sector. Its average value is 0.02 shows a little proportion of long-term debt used, and there is a little dispersion of data. Oil and Gas Marketing: In Oil and Gas Marketing sector there are seven companies and four as a sample were chosen. Table.3 The table shows the data of Oil and Gas Marketing for the year 2001-2006. Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.174301 0.07058567 STD/TL 0.856325 0.133468824 LTD/TL 0.143675 0.122458627 SHE/TL 1.971033 0.901354066 LTD /SHE 0.289004 0.265712772 The return on equity in this sector is low but positive showing good performance of this sector, low dispersion of data indicating low variability in the choice of equity financing. The variable STD/TL shows that portion of short-term debt used in total debt is 85% and portion of long-term debt is 14% indicating that in this sector short-term financing is used more than a long-term financing, and dispersion of data is almost same in both variables STD/TL and LTD/TL. The average value of SHE/TL shown by data is 1.97 shows high portion of equity used in this sector and also high dispersion of data. The average of ratio LTD/SHE is 0.28 showing little portion of long-term debt used in relation to equity and also low dispersion of data. Oil and Gas Exploration: Oil and Gas Exploration has total four listed companies and we took two as sample Table.4 The table shows the data of Oil and Gas Exploration for the year 2001-2006. Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.283569 0.14484408 STD/TL 0.906538 0.107109764 LTD/TL 0.093462 0.116129665 SHE/TL 1.411654 1.098681229 LTD /SHE 0.180385 0.24426594 In Oil and Gas Exploration sector the average of ROE is 0.28 which is positive showing efficient performance of this sector and dispersion of data is low. The variable STD/TL and LTD/TL shows the portion of short-term debt and long-term debt as 90% and 9% respectively and dispersion of data in both variables is low. The variable SHE/TL shows a high dispersion of data indicating high variability in the choice of equity financing its average value according to given data indicates that this sector is using high equity. The average of the ratio LTD/SHE shows that little share of long-term debt is used. Cement Sector: Total listed companies in cement sector are twenty three and we have taken sixteen as sample from this sector. Table.5 The table shows the data of Cement for the year 2001-2006. Index Average Standard Deviation ROE 0.012989 0.798476188 STD/TL 0.569325 0.285958503 LTD/TL 0.43402 0.275472458 SHE/TL 2.034975 5.538369892 LTD /SHE 0.374572 6.614605791 The data in this table shows average and standard deviation, of cement sector, which is derived from the information collected in the financial statements of the companies. The return rate measured by the return on equity is positive which indicates that sector is good performing in the analyzed period and dispersion is not high. The average of the variable STD/TL is 0.57 that shows that in this sector share of the short term debt is 57% and dispersion of data is low. The variable LTD/TL indicates the portion of long-term debt in capital structure of the firms; its average is 0.43 which indicates that 43% long term debt is used of the total debt. The dispersion of the data is low. The average of SHE/TL indicates higher portion of equity used in relation to total debt, and higher dispersion of dat a. The average of LTD/SHE shows that 37% of long term debt is used in correspondence to share holders equity is used in this sector indicating very high dispersion of data Analysis: Correlation: Correlation is a measure of the degree to which any two variables vary together. In other words, two variables are said to be correlated if they tend to simultaneously vary in some direction. If both the variables tend to increase (or decrease) together, the correlation is and said to be direct or positive. If one variable tends to increase as the other variable decreases, the correlation is said to be negative or inverse. The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship (positive or negative). STD/TL SHE/TL LTD/TL LTD /SHE ROE STD/TL 1 -.123 -.746 -.182 .085 SHE/TL -.123 1 .162 .233 -.855 LTD/TL -.746 .162 1 .002 -.096 LTD /SHE -.182 .233 .002 1 -.225 ROE .085 -.855 -.096 -.225 1 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). The correlation between STD/TL and SHE/TL is -0.123 which indicates that they move in an opposite direction, lower the share holders equity higher will be the short-term borrowing of the firm and vice versa. The correlation between STD/TL and LTD/TL is -0.746 which indicates an inverse relationship between these variables, it shows that if the firm uses more short-term debt the portion of its long-term debt will be less, as the correlation is close to -1 show that they are strongly negatively correlated. The correspondence between STD/TL and LTD/SHE is -0.182 which indicates that it is not strongly correlated but has a negative relationship, shows that high the portion of debt affects the portion equity used in the companys capital structure. The relationship between SHE/TL and LTD/TL is 0.162 indicating positi ve relation, which means that greater the debt higher will be financial leverage of the company. The relationship between SHE/TL and LTD /SHE is 0.233 indicating that greater the financial leverage greater will be the ability to pay long term debt. The correlation between ROE and STD/TL is 0.085 shows a positive relation and indicates that higher will be the portion of short-term debt in total liability higher will be the return on equity. The correlation between ROE and SHE/TL is -0.855 shows the negative relation between return on equity and financial leverage. Greater the financial leverage lesser will be the return on equity. The correlation between ROE and LTD/TL is -0.096 indicates a negative relation between these ratios as the portion of long-term debt in total liability increases the return on equity will decrease. The correlation between ROE and LTD/SHE is -0.225 is inverse. When companys long-term borrowing is excessive it will reduces share holders equity and this in turn affects this ratio of LTD/SHE and when this ratio increases it will decrease the return on equity. Regression: Regression investigates the dependence of one variable, conventionally called a dependent variable, on one or more other variables called independent variable. The relation between the expected value of the dependent variable and the independent variable is called regression relation. In our study we are using multiple regressions. Variables Entered/Removed Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 LTD/SHE, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, STD/TL . Enter a All requested variables entered. b Dependent Variable: ROE None of the variable is removed. Model Summary: Model R R2 Adjusted R2 Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .857 .735 .729 .327269 a Predictors: (Constant), LPPL, ELP, PL, ECP R is a multiple correlation coefficient. The co-efficient of multiple determination lies between 0 and 1. As the value of R is 0.857 is closer to 1 indicate strong relationship. R2 shows the variability in the dependent variable (ROE) due to independent variables (LTD/SHE, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, STD/TL). Greater value of R2 indicates that this model fits the data well and also shows that the change in ROE is 73.5% affected by these independent variables which are LTD/SHE, LTD/TL, SHE/TL, STD/TL. This table also indicates that approximately 32.7% changes in ROE are due to some other factors. We call it an Error term. Conclusion: It has been observed that the sectors we have chosen use more portion of short-term debt than long-term debt. As the ratio STD/TL is greater than LTD/TL. Its also been observed that the correlation between ROE and STD/TL is 0.085 shows a positive relation and indicates that higher the portion of short-term debt in total liability higher will be the return on equity. There might be many reasons that why the companies use more short-term debt than long-term debt. Few are that a short-term loan can be obtained much faster than long-term credit, if a business requires funds in a hurry; it looks to the short-term credit markets. ROE has a negative correlation with the long-term debt as long term debt in companies financial statement is crucial. The method we used shows that the profitability of a firm is affected 73% by a mix of capital structure and 27% by other factors. The least square method we used proves our hypothesis that profitability is affected by capital structure.

Essay on Foundation of Mythology Short Answers - 717 Words

Foundation of Mythology Short Answers Philip Calio Hum 105 5/22/2013 Elisabeth Nicholes Foundation of Mythology Short Answers â€Å"It’s a Myth.† A term commonly used today but what does it mean? It is a term used to describe the questions humans cannot answer such as the explanation of the meaning of the universe or why we are here. Myths reflect human nature, with its needs and desires, hopes and fears (Rosenberg, 2006). Academically myths are studied to understand the anthropology of past cultures. My definition of a myth is tales or stories passed down from generation to generation that gives us our beliefs and guiding principles which we use to determine how we will interact with the world. Myths from different cultures†¦show more content†¦Religion and mythology are intertwined as many cultural religious beliefs were and are based on mythological stories. The bible is a historical pass down of stories or myths as it relates to Christianity. These myths or religious teachings are important to humans and their ability to cope with their daily tribulations because it gives them a sense of someone or something greater than them that they hope will guide them through whatever they are dealing with. This was evident with prisoner-of-war who initially went into captivity as atheists and found out they needed to believe in something greater and came out of captivity having found some type of religion. Mythology still holds a place in today’s contemporary pop culture because if you look at the things people do in their lives you will still see mythological influences in them. Such as, a newlywed couple may have dreams of the stereotypical desire of a large house, large family with the proverbial â€Å"white picket fence† around it. This couple may not have ever experienced any of that yet cultures has passed down the idea of that being the pinnacle of a successful marriage and family and if you get that, than you are almost guaranteed happiness. The truth is that many will never reach anything close to that because of external in internal changes to that couple. Although in American society today, we assume people are more educated and lessShow MoreRelatedFoundations of Mythology870 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Mythology Short Answers Jessica McTavish HUM 105 January 14, 2013 Roxanne Russell Foundations of Mythology Short Answers How is the word myth used popularly? For example, what does the statement, â€Å"It’s a myth† mean? In contrast, how is the word myth used in the academic context? After considering the definition in your textbooks and course materials, write a definition in your own words. The statement â€Å"It’s a myth† to me means that it is not true or not fully true. ThereRead MoreFoundations of Mythology Essays1378 Words   |  6 PagesFoundations of Mythology Short Answers KellyTotten HUM/105 – World Mythology Dr. Mark Vander Meer 10/12/2011 1. How is the word myth used popularly? For example, what does the statement, â€Å"It’s a myth† mean? In contrast, how is the word myth used in the academic context? After considering the definition in your textbooks and course materials, write a definition in your own words. Instinctively, the word myth brings to mind fantastical stories of good and evil and the inevitable triumphRead MoreChinese and Greek Mythology1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe Diverging Commonalities of Creation Myth’s Long ago, people wanted to acquire a better understanding of the beginning of the universe which ultimately resulted in the establishment of religions, beliefs and most pertinent, creation myths. Mythology provides explanations for the worlds mysteries especially in regards to the creation of Earth, Humans and the environment. This comparative paragraph analyzes the similarities and differences between a Greek myth entitled, The Beginning of ThingsRead MoreScience Of Biology And The Greatest Conflict1316 Words   |  6 Pagesand evolution as its proponents believe that it has the best answer to the dilemma of origination. The conflict began because of the science of biology and the need to educate young men and women. The great question that everyone wants to know is where do we come from. One must also be mindful that there are no special school board meetings held or court cases to keep young students from studying Greek mythology. We have allowed mythology to exist in the classrooms because we are able to see thatRead MoreLions Roar Mandala Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Dharma Center1079 Words   |  5 Pageslike forever (probably because I am not used to it and was not exactly wholeheartedly interested), until the Dharma talk kicked in, essentially being a talk by the teacher with personal experiences that we should be good. The interactive segment was short since hardly anyone had a question, or pitching in their two cents. The meeting concluded with another prayer. According to in-class lectures, Buddhists are not polytheistic, nor monotheistic. Their ultimate goal is Nirvana, or being liberated fromRead MoreCultural Literacy According to E.D. Hirsch958 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledgeable. The list ranges from idioms to mythology, from science to fairy tales. Why has this list prompted a notable debate on our countrys educational standards? E.D. Hirsch believes that the literacy of American people has been rapidly declining. The long range remedy for restoring and improving American literacy must be to institute a policy of imparting common information in our schools. In short, according to Hirsch - the answer to our problem lies within the list. Hirschs bookRead MoreMorality in Oedipus Rex Essay1785 Words   |  8 Pageswoven into the literature and the fact that â€Å"perhaps no classical Greek play that has stimulated as much critical discussion† (Harris and Platzner Classical Mythology: Images and Insights, p.648). One of the dominant arguments the tragedy generates is whether Oedipus is responsible for the abhorrent crimes of patricide and incest. The answer to which is yes. To be human is to have choice and it is evident throughout the play that Oedipus’s reckless decisions are to blame for the violations againstRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography: Robert Graves1099 Words   |  5 Pagesreunite the gospels and genealogy of Jesus in King Jesus. Graves was also a professor of poetry and in this he challenges academic and popular conventions, emphasizing the value of mythology and poetry over science and technology. This website also contains further readings and more selected works. A good short read with a lot of information. Graves, R. (n.d.). Robert Graves, The Art of Poetry No. 11. (P. Buckman, W. Fifeild, Interviewers) This interview was very intriguing and as I readRead MoreReligion As A Cultural System1601 Words   |  7 Pagestheory and religion. The functionalist approach to religion has its foundation in Emile Durkheim’s study on religion. 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Andy Warhol Essay - 1048 Words

As a profound influence on the twentieth century pop art movement, Andy Warhol ascended to become a cornerstone in the modern art world. After taking cues from society in the mid-twentieth century, as well as conversing with Muriel Latow, Warhol did what many artists strived to do but failed. Andy also extracted many of his ideas from other artists and built on them. He put a culture on canvas and revolutionized pop art for a life time. The nineteen sixties, seventies, and eighties were periods of self righteousness and discovery. With many new styles and beliefs arising during those eras, Warhol’s imagination would begin to produce ideas that were unheard of but revolutionary at the same time. American values were altered and so†¦show more content†¦The death of very popular movie star Marilyn Monroe sparked Warhol’s interest to expose the realities of the pop culture. Monroe was a sex icon, fashion icon, as well as a cultural icon for the nineteen fifties and sixties. â€Å"The potent memory of the pathos and mystery of Marilyn’s death with the long-lived speculation surrounding it elevated her to the greatest modern star status. Warhol’s paintings participated in the public consolidation† (Copplestone 25). â€Å"Andy exaggerated the features of Marilyn Monroe that had made her beautiful† (Bolton 19). Also, the popularity of celebrities such as Jackie Kennedy and Elvis Presley soon began to sweep the nation (Wrbican). Warhol saw these people as icons for the sixties and also saw them as an inspiration to what would become his new art works. Despite how happy, pretty, or ideal the celebrities seemed on television, they were disasters in reality and Warhol executed his exposure of these secrets through pop art. After World War two had ended and the United States had entered the Vietnam War, the theme of mortality became less shocking to the population than in the years prior. With the acceptance of such things, Warhol decided to create a series of brutal artwork that would exemplify the understanding of life and death. â€Å"His series of death and disaster included paintings of electric chairs, suicides, and car crashes† (Wrbican). Warhol wantedShow MoreRelated Andy Warhol Essays946 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican art, Andy Warhol was obsessed with fame, glamour, and money. He is best known for his images of stars and celebrities and for his reproductions of symbols of the American society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andrew Warhola’s (he later dropped the â€Å"a†) birth date is uncertain, Andy said himself that his birth certificate had been forged and June 6, 1928 became the date taken as his birthday. Others say he was born December 6, 1930 and then others say it was August 6, 1928. Andy was very mysteriousRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol Warhol was successful in bringing a new form of art to the forefront of an ever changing artworld in the 1960`s. I am interested in the field of commercial and graphic art and its connection to advertising. Thats why I have chosen Warhol as my subject for this essay. Im going to focus on the techniques and images he used on his paintings. Andy Warhol is one of the worlds most renown artists. He was a painter, a photographer, a filmmaker, a publisher of Interview magazineRead More Andy Warhol Essay743 Words   |  3 Pages The attitude of Warhol only confused society more. Instead of hiding his association with commercial art as other artists did, drawing and dividing the line between it and real art, he erased the line. â€Å"The Pop artists did images that anybody walking down Broadway could recognize in a split second.†(Warhol) Pop artist figures competed in that art market where images and auras, no just objects, are offered for consumption. Warhol has never objected to this state of affairs, which he did so much toRead More Andy Warhol Essay3682 Words   |  15 PagesAndy Warhol Works Cited Missing I just paint things I always thought were beautiful, things you use every day and never think about†¦ I just do it because I like it. (Beckris 110) I just do it because I like it is Andy’s philosophy on life. Andy might just be the most interesting and at the same time the most confusing individual you will ever read about. Andy’s work is like none others. His art brought common day people together and showed the impact of contemporary society and the idea ofRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol being one of the biggest influences in my work made him the obvious choice for this assignment. I see Warhols influence on the world we live in everyday and strongly believe he helped in creating the pop culture obsession in America. Andy went from rags to riches and defines the American dream. His work has inspired many and continues to be recognized by people throughout the world. Born August 6, 1928 to Andrej and Julia Warhola, Andy was the youngest of three brothers. AndysRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesI selected Andy Warhol because I have long admired his crazy, quirky, unconventional style of producing works of art from normal, everyday subjects ranging from inanimate, normally unnoticed objects to pop culture celebrity icons. I first heard of him in 1986 when his show Andy Warhols Fifteen Minutes aired on MTV. The show featured Andy interviewing what he thought was the next up-and-coming musical sensations about to get their fifteen minutes of fame. Two years later on a poster in theRead More Andy Warhol Essay2426 Words   |  10 PagesHailed as the founding father of the Pop Art movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Andy Warhol, through his endeavors, brought forward societys obsession with mass culture and allowed it to become the subject of his art. He produced works that defied and challenged the popular notion of what art should be by disputing the traditional conventions pertaining to the uniqueness, authenticity, and authorship of art (Faerna 28). However, it is an injustice to say that Warhols goals primarilyRead MoreAndy Pope of Pop Warhol 690 Words   |  3 PagesThe American artist, Andy Warhol, was one of the major influential artists in the late 20th century, during the pop art movement. One of his art pieces is called Details of Renaissance Paintings (Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482) made in 1984 and currently located at The Andy Warhol Museum in his hometown. For all of his art works (printmaking, painting, cinema, photography), Warhol gives a whole new different perspective and meaning to society, by giving a â€Å"personality† to his work. The culturalRead MoreFrida Kahlo And Andy Warhol Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesalternating the traditional point of view. Frida Kahlo and Andy Warhol both contributed to different art movements. Frida Kahlo grew up with an illness and later experience what she would call two accidents that allowed her to start her innovative life. Kahlo changed societal norms having to do with sexuality, gender roles, and a new form of expression with private and personal subjects that at the time weren’t allowed to be talked about. Andy Warhol came from rags to riches because of his excellence inRead MoreEssay about Andy Warhol1980 Words   |  8 Pages Andy Warhol Never before have I encountered more intriguing works of art than those done by Andy Warhol. I have been curious about his life ever since I saw his work in Milwaukee. I saw his famous work of the Campbells Soup Can. By viewing this, one can tell he is not your average artist. Im sure his life is full of interesting events that shaped him into who he was. As an artist myself, I would like to get to know the background of his life. I may then be able to appreciate his styles and understand

My Experience With The United States Essay - 776 Words

My dreams are limitless but I strive to turn them into plans, then reality. I carry two cultures in my heart and speak two languages. I have faced death several times in Syria, which made me appreciate the value of life. I encountered numerous hardships and difficulties but treated them as opportunities for personal growth and development. Whenever I fail, I step back, reflect, learn from the experience and move forward. I love working with others and viewing things from different perspectives. Part of my strengths lies in my ability to unite people around a vision and motivate them to excellence. I hold myself responsible for any mistake made by my team, whether at job, school, or volunteer work. My cross-cultural experiences have taught me to adapt and adjust to new circumstances and situations; I have implemented these skills throughout my journey in Syria and the United States. I aspire to impact my society and maximize my experiences and knowledge to serve and inspire others. In regards to my GPA, I was enrolled in a couple of college courses in New Jersey, which I had to withdraw from when my family and I move to California in late March, 2013. I received a letter grade for Math 101, which allowed me to take its final a month in advance. However, I received â€Å"W† grades for courses that did not allow for an early final exam. In relation to my MCAT, I made a strategic mistake on the Biological section the second time I took it. I spent too much time on one of theShow MoreRelatedMy Experience At The United States1751 Words   |  8 Pagesntroduction Back in 2009, when I first came to the United States, I had a terrifying experience. I just finished taking a shower when I suddenly felt out of breath and my heart was pounding fast. With my nursing background, I had to keep calm, drank water and sat down judging that it would soon be over. However, moments later, the symptoms still persisted. I did not exhibit any chest pain, but I knew something was amiss. Without delay, I phoned my aunt who was a critical care nurse and was told toRead MoreMy Experience At The United States1150 Words   |  5 PagesIt was still dark out when I awoke, the sun would not be up for another half-hour. I could feel the relentless humidity on my face. I woke the other members of my team and we loaded the jeep with the equipment we had packed the night before. We arrived at the clinic just as the sun rose; people already in line. I was reminded of last summer’s mission to Cambodia. I greeted everyone with â€Å"buenos dias† and a smile a s we unloaded the equipment and set everything up inside. Our first patient of theRead MoreMy Experience At The United States906 Words   |  4 Pagesliving alone in Saudi Arabia and my family was living in the United States. I recognized that year would be very arduous because I thought my parents showed favoritism to me. 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Nike Report - 13324 Words

Executive Summary Introduction This report will discuss in detail, the athletic footwear industry, and all aspects of its operations. It will focus on Nike, the industry’s leader, and a selected few of its competitors; Adidas-Salomon and Reebok, Sketchers, and K-Swiss. A brief overview of Nike and its competitor’s company profiles, brand portfolios, and current developments will provide an understanding that leads to an analysis of the external environment. This analysis further discusses the geographic distribution, general environment, industry environment using Porter’s Analysis, Nike’s competitor analysis, its dominant economic characteristics, driving forces, and key success factors. This report will then discuss the†¦show more content†¦Nike Inc. (NYSE; NKE) Nike Inc. was established in 1968. Nike manufactures athletic products that range from footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories. Nike is known by its logo â€Å"swoosh† and motto â€Å"Just do it†, which are both displayed on all of its products and tag lines. Nike has achieved great success over the years by establishing consistent brand awareness in consumers’ minds through advanced marketing and advertising techniques. Nike is also seen as the leader in the athletic footwear industry due to its use of major celebrity endorsements. Nike acquired athletic and celebrity endorsements from Tiger Woods, Michael Jordan, Venus and Serena Williams, Lance Armstrong, and many others. Nike continues to be the Industry’s leader through many strong acquisitions over the years. In April of 2002, Nike acquired Hurley International, action sports apparel distributor and in 2003, it acquired one of its competitors, Converse. Headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike currently operates in more than 160 countries, employing more than 30,000 individuals around the world. Nike’s is diversity and inclusion. Nike believes that â€Å"diversity helps drive succe ss†. Nike’s current VP of Global Diversity and Inclusion states that Diversity and Inclusion is fundamental to Nike’s performance. It’s what makes us better. It’s what makes us smarter. It helps our business grow and helps us connect with consumersShow MoreRelatedA Research Report On Nike1612 Words   |  7 Pagesleading brand Nike. Firms undertake a situational analysis and planning process to identify and justify appropriate marketing opportunities for growth. This report provides an introduction to Nike with a background to the Company, its history and its product. This report also provides background data on the market, the product in more depth, its competition, the industry and the macro environment. A summary of the key findings from this situational analysis and a TOWS analysis. 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Inc’s sustainability by doing some analyze about the current data, the management journals and article are from the business database such as EBSCOhost, It also explains the ideas that help managers of Nike to achieve its goals in both profit and sustainability, although different people may have different point of views about this, it is still very important to manager of a big company like Nike, it is one of the leaders in theRead MoreReport on the Case Study Nike Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesReport on the Case Study Nike This report has been produced to provide an insight into the consumer decision-making process, buyer behaviour factors that consumers of Nike are influenced by. The report also details recommendations based on the findings. 2.0 Summary =========== The report is about Nike, regarding the case study. 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What contribution did Edward Jenner make to medicine Free Essays

The person I have chosen to write about is Edward Jenner. He was born in 1749 and is famous as the first doctor to introduce and study the smallpox vaccine. I am interested by his work as it was the basis of the science of immunology, resulting in many medical advances, the benefits of which can be seen in medicine today. We will write a custom essay sample on What contribution did Edward Jenner make to medicine? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Smallpox is a virus spread through coughing, sneezing and physical contact with an infected person. Epidemics broke out in Britain every few years, resulting in many deaths. In the eighteenth century a method of inoculation was introduced to Britain. This reduced the chance of dying from smallpox, yet it carried with it many risks. Whilst offering inoculations against smallpox, Edward Jenner, a doctor from Gloucestershire, discovered that those who had previously suffered from cowpox were less likely to catch smallpox than those who hadn’t. He subsequently came up with the idea of using cowpox, a mild disease, as a method of prevention. In an attempt to prove this theory, Jenner conducted an experiment in which he took matter from a cowpox sore and inserted it into a boy through two cuts. After slight uneasiness in the following days, the boy was perfectly well. He was then inoculated with smallpox matter, which was repeated again several months later, but no disease followed on either occasion. After completing the experiment 23 times, he came to the conclusion that ‘cowpox protects the human constitution from the infection of smallpox’. Although Jenner was unable to prove his theory, his vaccination saved many lives. He recorded and published his findings himself as there was much opposition to vaccinations at first. This was because some people found it hard to accept anything new, especially when there was no explanation as to why it worked. Also, if his vaccinations proved to be a success, doctors would lose the income they received from providing inoculations. As well as this, some people saw the vaccination as dangerous. This was for reasons including doctors accidentally infecting patients with smallpox instead of cowpox or using infected needles, both of which resulted in many deaths. However, Jenner’s work paid off, and in 1840 the British government provided vaccination free of charge. The main reason that I am interested in Jenner is that he was able to come up with a successful method of prevention of smallpox without advanced technology. His observations and experiments provided accurate results leading to life saving treatment, which I feel was one of the biggest medical achievements up until that time considering that smallpox had previously been one of the biggest killer diseases. He was not put off by the ‘less than enthusiastic’ view of the public, choosing to record his findings personally in hope that they would one day be accepted and prove to be useful (which is what finally happened). Also, his work greatly contributed to later medical advances. It was the basis of immunology, which was to be pursued with success by Pasteur and others half a century later, helped by technological advancements. His observations had a large influence on the declaration of smallpox as an eradicated disease in 1980 by the World Health Organisation. In conclusion, Edward Jenner was a man who was able to make a large contribution to the advancement of medicine and prevention of death from smallpox. This, in my opinion, makes him a prominent and essential figure in history. How to cite What contribution did Edward Jenner make to medicine?, Papers

Role of Safety in HealthCare-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Safety and Quality in Health Care. Answer: Introduction The report is based on an incident that took place in a Victorian hospital, where the death of several newborns occurred due to the negligence of the hospital staffs. According to the the accounts of this incident, it was found to breach the standard 3 of the NSQSH standards. Standard 3 refers to the preventive interventions to control the health care- associated infections. The main issue that has been addressed in this paper is the death of the neonates due to postpartum infections. As per the news, those incidents were avoidable and were caused mainly due to the negligence and lack of awareness of the clinical staffs and the health care practitioner. The newborn babies and their respective families are the ones who were affected the most by the negligence and malpractices of the administration of the healthcare administration. Several databases have been searched using appropriate search terms in order to review literature associated with the causes of neonatal deaths and the possible measures that should be taken to mitigate such deaths in any clinical settings. It also sheds light on the the findings that can mitigate the mortality of the neonates. In this case, it was reported that the hospital staffs did not pay heed to the deteriorating conditions of the babies. According to the complaint lodged by the parents, the registered nurses did not monitor the vital signs properly and also did not provide proper handover during the clinical shifts. Therefore, the lack of effective communication resulted in the spread of the postpartum infections and claimed such a huge number of lives in the Victoria hospital. The problem focussed in the following report lines up with the national standard 3 (Gabrysch et al., 2012). As per Gabrysch et al., 2012, proper quality improvement techniques and risk management can mi tigate future problems related to the issue. Literature review This review of the literature provides insights about the neonatal deaths all over the world and the steps or measures which could be employed for reducing the risk of neonatal deaths in the hospital beds. The report provides an information regarding incident in Australia health care that aligns with NSQHS standard 3(Gabrysch et al., 2012) The literature sources have been cultivated to gather similar and relevant data regarding the occurrences of neonatal death due to postpartum infection in a clinical setup. The reports and evidence have pointed to the lack of sufficient safety methods and practices which resulted in the major outbreak of such infections. Additionally, the lack of sufficient support form the collaborating health channels also affected the care quality and standards. The cause of the neonatal infections is often attributed to neonatal sepsis, which is the infection of the maternal genital tract during labour. Therefore, sufficient infection prevention or control methods need to be employed for reducing the chances or the risk of such infections. Additionally, another major cause of such infections is the use of the same contaminated articles by the nursing professional to attend more than one baby. Therefore, the implementation of the National Healthcare standards can reduce the chances of such infecti ons (Buchnall et al., 2015). Research has been done using Pubmed, Google Scholar, CINAHL AND MEDLINE to get an idea about the 3 NSQHS standards. The search terms have been listed below as follows:- NSQSH standard 3 Breaching of the NSQSH standard 3 Neonatal death as breaching of standard 3 Causes of stillbirths, Causes of neonatal deaths, Adverse condition after birth, Neonatal safety, Deterioration in neonatal conditions, CQI strategies to reduce neonatal mortality, Risk management in health care, Risk assessment tools The standard 3 of the NSQSH guidelines focuses upon preventing and controlling health care associated infections (Twigg, Duffield Evans, 2013). These are some procedures that have been taken up to conduct a search regarding the discussed topic, which revealed the death scandals of several newborn babies in a healthcare setting inVictoria. It has been reported that the adverse events have occurred due to the indifference and the malpractice of the healthcare staffs within the hospital. Keeping the main concept of this report in mind, the main aim is to find out the causative factors of the neonatal deaths and the known approaches to prevent the adverse effects. A thorough literature review has been conducted to analyse the different avenues of the concept. According to Anderson et al., 2014, every year nearly 41% of child death is caused, worldwide in the newborn infants (Griffiths Burke,2012). It has been reported that here a quarter of the newborn death occurs in the first 28 days after birth. The review suggests that about two third of the neonatal death can be avoided if measures are taken at the first week after the birth (Anderson et al., 2014). The main reasons behind the neonatal death worldwide are infections, which are mostly hospital-acquired infections like Septimius Pneumonia, tetanus and diarrhoea, birth asphyxia. The report is based on the death scandal of several babies in a hospital in Victoria, which is mainly due to the hospital-acquired infections(Gabrysch et al., 2012). Gabrysch et al., 2012 has again argued that some sentinel events related to hospital are not always avoidable and hence it is necessary to asses the reasons behind the adverse events. It was found that in most of the cases of neonatal deaths and pregnancy, complications were avoidable and could be managed by the healthcare professionals (Gabrysch et al., 2012). According to Buchnall et al., 2015 the most common reasons behind stillbirths include placental problems like placental abruption, preeclampsia, hypertension and several others. They took no measures to reduce the probability of the hospital-acquired infections (Buchnall et al., 2015). Gabrysch et al., 2012 has said that it is the duty of the professionals to monitor whether the baby is growing inside the mother's womb or not. If the growth pattern of the baby tails off then it should be understood that the placenta is not working properly and specific measures have to be taken. It has been investigated that the would-be mothers were not properly addressed in the concerned clinical settings. Prevention of infection through clinical governance system The NSQSH standard 3 refers to the prevention and controlling of the healthcare-associated infections (Gottwald, M., Lansdown, 2014). The goal of this standard is to avoid the healthcare-associated infections in babies. Therefore it can be clearly seen that standard 3 is being breached clearly in the hospital scandal, the concerned clinical setting could not meet up to the standard 3(Gottwald, M., Lansdown, 2014). In relation to the given scenario, there are certain criteria that are required to be fulfilled in order to achieve the standard. Clinical governance and system to prevent infection, surveillance and control. It can be clearly seen from the case mentioned in the topic, that the would-be mothers did not get safe treatments or no measures have been taken even after facing few neonatal deaths, thus the concerned organization beached the standard (Yokoe et al, 2013). Other criteria are the prevention and the control of the infections. Separate strategies have to be taken up to control the infections in clinical settings, which can be done by chalking out a thorough CQI( Continuous quality improvement) plan for the clinical setting. Regular monitoring of the status of the neonatal ward should be taken care off. The neonatal ward and the incubators should be sterilized regularly to prevent infections. According to Yokoe et al, (2013), there should be emergency settings to deal with the deteriorating neonates. As per the review is taken from the admitted mothers or those who have lost their child, have mentioned that the hospital did not emphasize on the prevention of the infections, despite repeated complaints (Yokoe et al, 2013). As per the Yokoe et al, (2013), another criteria for achieving the outcome is the administration of safe antimicrobial agents. Infection can be controlled by dose-dependent antibiotics to the neonatal or the expected mothers. Appropriate antimicrobial agents should be administered into the ward to kill the germs (Yokoe et al, 2013). Special isolated units are required for the infected babies, and skilled professionals are required if the health status of the baby turns adverse due to the infection. According to the paper by Leis and Shojania (2016), the environment associated with the healthcare setting should be absolutely clean. Reprocessing of equipment and instrumentation should be able to meet current best practice guidelines. Thorough cleaning and disinfection of the baby ward are necessary (Leis and Shojania, 2016). According to the NSQSH guidelines, communication with the carers and the family of the neonatal are required for imparting education regarding the hospital-acquired infections, which would help the family to deal efficiently with the postpartum period. According to Yokoe et al., 2014, the hospital-acquired prepartum and the postpartum infections have become a major concern throughout the nation. Worsening of the health condition of the babies is trailed along with cardiac arrests and unexpected mortalities. Prompt determination of deterioration level, followed by a prompt and effective action, can reduce these uotoward incidents and help in improving the care results and outcomes and reduce the number of measures required for stabilizing the deteriorating condition of the neonatals(Gottwald Lansdown, 2014). According to Gottwald Lansdown, 2014, the clinical leaders and the senior manager of the concerned hospital should have implemented systems to prevent and manage the healthcare-associated infections. Journals like American Journal of Medical Quality provides an information regarding interventions that enhances the treatment quality and would provide technical support on different mutual approaches, that are specific to community. Collection of data, maintaining of proper risk management registers and tools can reduce hospital readmissions (Donskey, 2013). Healy, (2016) the author had shared her experience in analyzing and assessing the healthcare system of several countries. She had noticed that raised regulation has increased the safety of the neonatal and quality of the healthcare in different countries. It had focussed towards the new ways for the improvement of health care systems in Australia, Europe and North America (Healy J, 2016). According to Gottlab Lansdown (2014), certain measures should be taken up, like audit, risk management drills. Adverse events centring the babies should be identified promptly, assessed and resolved (Gottlab Lansdown, 2014). Reduction in the number of records would indicate quality improvement (Morello et al., 2013). The implementation of the required changes in health care should be done after proper documentation and scrutiny. The modifications that would cater to the betterment of the babies are by adopting well-researched methods and technologies. It is often difficult to implement any changes in a healthcare setting, as the clinical staffs are accustomed to the old conventional ways, (Donskey, 2013) has emphasized on changes in the age old strategies for better outcomes in babys health. According to (Bucknall et al., 2015) in order to evaluate that that improvement strategies have been implemented or not, it is necessary to program audits that would compare the data and the statistical analysis of the baseline data of the neonatal morbidity. According to Bucknall et al.,2016 in his An analysis of nursing students', the author has proposed that partial information regarding the babies and not looking after the alternatives while assessing the babys condition and premature diagnosis leads to poor quality decisions. Discussions This topic proposes about the death of newborn babies that occurred in a Victorian hospital. It has been reviewed that most of the neonatal death that had occurred was avoidable. In a low-risk maternity service, neonatal deaths should not exceed more than four in a year., but in this case, high level of morbidity had been recorded (Bucknall et al.,2016). Thus it can be clearly seen that the hospital staffs have breached the NSQSH standard 3. The implementation of the NSQSH standards helps in reducing the chances of human errors within the clinical set up by providing sufficient training skills to the responsible healthcare professionals and also focuses on the communication standards. The inculcation of the right communication practices and approaches would enhance the process of information exchange. This is particularly helpful during the change of shifts where any gap in the provision of the required amount of information can claim the life of an individual (Hall et al., 2015). The above-discussed literature review focuses on the probable factors responsible for the neonatal mortality all over the world, and it can be easily linked to the adverse event that took place in the concerned hospital of the Victoria. (Donskey, 2013). Families often do not get the chance to escalate their problems to the customer service of hospitals. Therefore, application of stricter practising norms along with a transparent or virtual interface for maintaining direct communication with the family members of the patients could be helpful. However, the patients have a right to receive a minimum level of basic care (Griffiths Burke,2012), failing which the patient has a legal right to compensation. (Hall et al, 2015). Conclusion The following report is aligned with a case that occurred in a hospital in Victoria, which caused huge political ups and downs in Australia health ministry. The clinical setting of the concerned healthcare has been found to breach the NSQHS standard of healthcare that states Preventing and controlling healthcare associated infections standard. The following issue provides with an idea about the indifferent attitude of the hospital staffs as efforts were not made in mitigating the deterioration of the babies. The literature review conducted provides us with the fact that negligence and lack of education regarding the maintenance of hygiene in the baby ward is responsible for the neonatal mortality. The report further throws light upon the fact that a proper quality improvement planning and different risk management strategies in combination with cleanliness in the hospital ward can mitigate the death of the neonatal due to infections. References Anderson, D. J., Podgorny, K., Berros-Torres, S. I., Bratzler, D. W., Dellinger, E. P., Greene, L., ... Kaye, K. S. (2014). Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,35(S2), S66-S88. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0899823X00193869 Bucknall, T. K., Forbes, H., Phillips, N. M., Hewitt, N. A., Cooper, S., Bogossian, F. (2016). An analysis of nursing students decision?making in teams during simulations of acute patient deterioration.Journal of Advanced Nursing,72(10), 2482-2494. DOI:10.1111/jan.13009 Day, G. E., South, L. (2016). Improving the health system with performance reporting-real gains or unnecessary work?.Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management,11(1), 8. Donskey, C. J. (2013). Does improving surface cleaning and disinfection reduce health care-associated infections?.American Journal of Infection Control,41(5), S12-S19. Duckett, S. (2014). The need for a regulatory rethink: a perspective from Australia.Future Hospital Journal,1(2), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2012.12.010 Gabrysch, S., Civitelli, G., Edmond, K. M., Mathai, M., Ali, M., Bhutta, Z. A., Campbell, O. M. (2012). New signal functions to measure the ability of health facilities to provide routine and emergency newborn care.PLoS Medicine,9(11), e1001340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001340 Gottwald, M., Lansdown, G. (2014).Clinical Governance: Improving The quality of healthcare for patients and service users. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).p.g 124 Griffiths, S. E., Burke, J. A. (2012). A survey of anaesthetists' understanding of Australian mandatory reporting laws.Anaesthesia and Intensive Care,40(5), 850. (Sep 2012): 850-5. Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M., Davis, D. (Eds.). (2013).Improving patient care: The implementation of change in health care. John Wiley Sons.p.g. 134-180 Hall, L., Halton, K., Macbeth, D., Gardner, A., Mitchell, B. (2015). Roles, responsibilities and scope of practice: describing the state of playfor infection control professionals in Australia and New Zealand.Healthcare Infection,20(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1071/HI14037 Healy, J. (2016).Improving health care safety and quality: reluctant regulators. Routledge. P.g. 16, 17 Latimer, S., Chaboyer, W., Gillespie, B. (2016). Pressure injury prevention strategies in acute medical inpatients: an observational study.Contemporary Nurse,52(2-3), 326-340. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2016.1190657 Latimer, S., Gillespie, B. M., Chaboyer, W. (2015). Predictors of pressure injury prevention strategies in at-risk medical patients: An Australian multi-centre study.Collegian. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.11.005 Leis, J.A, and Shojania, K.G. (2016). A primer on PDSA: Executing plan-do-study-act cycles in practice, not just in name. BMJ Quality Safety, Online First, 1-6. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2016-006245. Marshall, M., de Silva, D., Cruickshank, L., Shand, J., Wei, L. Anderson, J. (2016). What we know about designing an effective improvement intervention (but too often fail to put into practice). BMJ Quality Safety, Online First, 1-5. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2016-006143. Morello, R. T., Lowthian, J. A., Barker, A. L., McGinnes, R., Dunt, D., Brand, C. (2013). Strategies for improving patient safety culture in hospitals: a systematic review.BMJ QualSaf,22(1), 11-18. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001572 Moynihan, R., Doust, J., Henry, D. (2012). Preventing overdiagnosis: how to stop harming the healthy.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),344. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e3502 (Published 29 May 2012) Pascoe, H., Gill, S. D., Hughes, A., McCall-White, M. (2014). Clinical handover: An audit from Australia.The Australasian medical journal,7(9), 363. doi:10.4066/AMJ.2014.2060 Poksinska, B.B., Fialkowska-Filipek, M., Engstrm, J. (2016). Does Lean healthcare improve patient satisfaction? A mixed-method investigation into primary care. BMJ Quality Safety, Online First, 1-9. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004290. Pudney, V., Grech, C. (2016). Benefit of hindsight: systematic analysis of coronial inquest data to inform patient safety in hospitals.Australian Health Review,40(4), 371-377. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH15020 Thistlethwaite, J., Charlton, R., Coomber, J. (2012). Revalidation for relicensing: reflections on the proposed British model.Australian family physician,41(1/2), 70. (Jan/Feb 2012): 70-2. Twigg, D. E., Duffield, C., Evans, G. (2013). The critical role of nurses to the successful implementation of the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards.Australian Health Review,37(4), 541-546. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH12013 Walton, M., Smith-Merry, J., Healy, J., McDonald, F. (2012). Health complaint commissions in Australia: time for a national approach to data collection.Aust Rev Public Affairs,11, 1-18. Yokoe, D. S., Anderson, D. J., Berenholtz, S. M., Calfee, D. P., Dubberke, E. R., Ellingson, K. D., ... Lo, E. (2014). A compendium of strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 updates.American Journal of Infection Control,42(8), 820-828. DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(14)00907-9

Lewis Latimer Analysis Essay Example For Students

Lewis Latimer Analysis Essay Lewis Latimer was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1848. He was the son of George and Rebecca Latimer, escaped slaves from Virginia. When Lewis Latimer was a boy his father George was arrested and tried as a slave fugitive. The judge ordered his return to Virginia and slavery, but the local community to pay for George Latimers freedom raised money. George Latimer later went underground fearing his re-enslavement, a great hardship for Lewis family. Lewis Latimer enlisted in the Union Navy at the age of 15 by forging the age on his birth certificate. Upon the completion of his military service, Lewis Latimer returned to Boston, Massachusetts where he was employed by the patent solicitors Crosby ; Gould. While working in the office Lewis began the study of drafting and eventually became their head draftsmen. During his employment with Crosby ; Gould, Latimer drafted the patent drawings for Alexander Graham Bells patent application for the telephone, spending long nights with the inventor. Bell rushed his patent application to the patent office mere hours ahead of the competition and won the patent rights to the telephone with the help of Latimer. Hiram Maxim, founder of the U. S. Electric Light Co., at Bridgeport, CN, and the inventor of the Maxim machine gun, hired Lewis Latimer as an assistant manager and draftsman. Latimers talent for drafting and his creative genius led him to invent a method of making carbon filaments for the Maxim electric incandescent lamp. In 1881, he supervised the installation of the electric lights in New York, Philadelphia, Montreal, and London. Lewis Latimer was the original draftsman for Thomas Edison (who he started working for in 1884) and as such was the star witness in Edisons infringement suits. Lewis Latimer was the only African American member of the twenty-four Edison Pioneers, Thomas Edisons engineering division of the Edison Company. Latimer also co-authored a book on electricity published in 1890 called, Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison System. Lewis Latimer had many interests. He was an inventor, draftsman, engineer, author, poet, musician, and, at the same time, a devoted family man and philanthropist. He married Mary Wilson on December 10, 1873. Lewis wrote a poem for his wedding entitled Ebon Venus that was published in his book of poetry, Poems of Love and Life. The Latimers had two daughters, Jeanette and Louise. Some other patents of Lewis LatimerLewis Howard Latimer U.S. Patent #247,097 (co-inventor Joseph V. Nichols) 9/13/1881 Electric lampLewis Howard Latimer U.S. Patent #252,386 1/17/1882 Process of manufacturing carbonsLewis Howard Latimer U.S. Patent #557,076 3/24/1896 Locking rack for hats, coats, and umbrellas

Skin Cancer for Squamous Cell Carcinoma - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSkin Cancer for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Answer: Skin Cancer Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of the cells of the skin that is exposed to the rays of the sun. It develops dry and scaly patches with precancerous or spot growths. There are three types of skin cancer; basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Treatment for Three Types of Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Surgery electrodesiccation and curettage- It is the most common treatment and repeated many a times to remove the cancer. Excision- It is the cutting of the tumor along the normal skin cancer. Mohs surgery- It is the best cure for the treatment of large tumors, although, time consuming and complex. Radiation therapy- It is useful when the tumors are hard to treat surgically. Photodynamic therapy, Immune response modifiers or topical chemotherapy These options are applicable for the tumors that have not grown so deep into the skin. Cryotherapy- It is used for small BCCs. Targeted Therapy During the metastasizing stage that cannot be cured by surgery or radiation therapy with targeted drugs like sonidegibor vismodegib (Berking et al. 2014). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Apart from treatment options used in BCC, there are: Lymph node dissection- It is the removal of nearby, regional lymph nodes. Systemic chemotherapy- It is used when tumor spread to distant organs or lymph nodes (Singla et al. 2015). Melanoma Apart from the above treatment options, There are immunotherapy and targeted therapy with inhibitors that prevents the cancer from growing by boosting immune system and blocking the cell signaling pathways (Lee et al. 2013). Side effects in skin cancer treatment- skin rashes, blistering, peeling, hair loss, rash, itchy skin, change in color, damage to teeth or saliva-making glands if present near structures (Simes, Sousa and Pais 2015). References Berking, C., Hauschild, A., Klbl, O., Mast, G. and Gutzmer, R., 2014. Basal cell carcinoma-treatments for the commonest skin cancer.Dtsch Arztebl Int,111(22), pp.389-95. Lee, C., Collichio, F., Ollila, D. and Moschos, S., 2013. Historical review of melanoma treatment and outcomes.Clinics in dermatology,31(2), pp.141-147. Simes, M.C.F., Sousa, J.J.S. and Pais, A.A.C.C., 2015. Skin cancer and new treatment perspectives: A review.Cancer letters,357(1), pp.8-42. Singla, A., Garg, U., Singla, B. and Garg, A., 2015. Squamous cell carcinoma of tympanomastoid regionA rare and often misdiagnosed entity.