Peace Essay Example for Free

Peace Essay Peace is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violence, conflict behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence. Commonly understood as the absence of hostility, peace also suggests the existence of healthy or newly healed interpersonal or international relationships, prosperity in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all. Etymology [edit] From the Latin pax, meaning freedom from civil disorder, the English word came into use in various personal greetings from c. 300 as a translation of the Hebrew shalom. Such a translation is, however, imprecise, as shalom, which is also cognate with the Arabic salaam, has multiple other meanings in addition to peace, including justice, good health, safety, well-being, prosperity, equity, security, good fortune, and friendliness. [citation needed] At a personal level, peaceful behaviors are kind, considerate, respectful, just, and tolerant of others beliefs and behaviors — tending to manifest goodwill. This latter understanding of peace can also pertain to an individuals introspective sense or concept of her/himself, as in being at peace in ones own mind, as found in European references from c. 1200. The early English term is also used in the sense of quiet, reflecting calm, serene, and meditative approaches to family or group relationships that avoid quarreling and seek tranquility — an absence of disturbance or agitation. In many languages the word for peace is also used a greeting or a farewell, for example the Hawaiian word Aloha, as well as the Arabic word salaam. In English the word peace is occasionally used as a farewell, especially for the dead, as in the phrase Rest In Peace. Buddhists believe that peace can be attained once all suffering ends. They regard all suffering as stemming from cravings (in the extreme, greed), aversions (fears), or delusions. To eliminate such suffering and achieve ersonal peace, followers in the path of the Buddha adhere to a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths — a central tenet in Buddhist philosophy. Islam means submission. Muslim, etymologically directly related to salaam and the name Islam, means a person who submits to Allah in salaam. [citation needed] Submission to Allah is based on humility. An attitude of humility within ones own self cannot be accomplished without total rejection of violence, and a personal attitude and alignment toward pe ace.

Sciatica Following a Repeat Epidural Blood Patch

Sciatica Following a Repeat Epidural Blood Patch We hereby present a case of sciatica following a repeat epidural blood patch for post dural puncture headache (PDPH). A 27 year old fit and well para 1 female (BMI 33) had an attempted difficult lumbar epidural during labour. Epidural was abandoned as the patient felt an urge to push. She had an uneventful spontaneous vaginal delivery within one hour. She developed PDPH which was treated with an epidural blood patch (EBP) 48 hours post delivery. She felt immediate improvement with some right sided headache which resolved spontaneously. A second EBP was performed 72 hours after the first EBP for recurrent PDPH. Following the EBP she developed transient right sided headache with hypertension (Blood pressure 145/90) which resolved spontaneously. On day five after the 2nd EBP she was readmitted with three days history of low back ache with severe shooting pain radiating to the back of left thigh up to her knees which was worse on standing tenderness over lumbar area along with tenderness over epidural site. Her symptoms got worse over next 48 hours with shooting pain to the back of both thighs, left side worse than right. Her infection markers were within normal limits. A contrast MRI showed blood clot in subarachnoid space from L5 to sacral canal and no mass effect or dural leak. Discs, para-spinal spaces and subcutaneous space were normal. She was diagnosed having sciatic possibly due to direct irritation with blood in Intrathecal space in absence of any nerve compression. After ruling out any surgical intervention she was started on Gabapentin titrating up to 900 mg per day and advised further follow-up and MRI. Her symptoms completely resolved over next ten days. Discussion Placing autologous blood in the epidural space for PDPH was first described by Gormley in 1960 using just two to three mL, with a reported 100% success rate [1].Since then epidural blood patch is a widely used technique to treat PDPH and persistent leak of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space. It is probably the most efficacious of therapies, although this is unproven, and plays an important part in the management of this condition. It is reported that between 61% and 85% of patients will have complete and permanent recovery from headache in less than24 h [2, 3]. Physiologic mechanisms by which the EBP is effective include a physical â€Å"patch† effect, in which injected blood directly forms a seal over a dural leak, a â€Å"pressure† effect, in which increased epidural pressure is transmitted to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space, thus alleviating a component of intracranial hypotension and the attenuation of initial cerebral vasodilatation.[2] When a complication occurs after EBP, it is occasionally difficult to determine the causative factor. It is possibly related to the initial epidural placement, a result of the EBP, or the result of both procedures. Although complications from EBP are rare, they can potentially be quite serious. The most common complaint following EBP is transient low back pain [4]. Rare complications include radicular pain [5]. Possible mechanism of low back pain includes Compression, irritation, infection and arachnoiditis [6]. Increasingly severe back or radicular pain after EBP is always abnormal, and should be thoroughly and promptly evaluated to exclude neuraxial hematomas and other serious etiologies. In patients with unresolving or worsening neurological symptoms, lumbo-sacral MRI should be performed to assess for any surgical intervention. MRI may demonstrate collections of iron-laden hematomas. Unlike previous case reports of radiculopathy, where large volumes of blood was used for EBP, in our case, we used only 20ml autologus blood at a time and our patient did not have a haematoma or compressive myelopathy. However the cumulative volume of blood used over 72 hours was 40ml which may have contributed to the development of symptoms even though there is not enough evidence to suggest this on MRI. Based on the MRI findings, other possible mechanism of pain in our patient would have been blood in the intrathecal space causing irritation and pressure effect even thought there were no signs of nerve root compression in MRI. But a retrospective study by Arpino I et al in 94 cases failed to demonstrate a correlation between Intrathecal spread of blood and radicular pain [7]. In summary, EPB is not without serious complications and indication for EBP should be considered case by case. Patients should be followed up for any adverse incidents up to one month as per OAA recommendations. Persistent radicular symptoms in post-EBP patients act as warning signals for compressive lumbar radiculopathy that requires active interventions including analgesics, Urgent MRI and neurosurgical consultation. It may be worth considering CT or MR myelography to confirm the ongoing CSF leak before performing the second EBP or cases where diagnosis in doubtful(8). Clinicians are urged to educate patients regarding unusual risks prior to performing EBP and to be aware of symptoms of serious injury should they arise. EBP is an invasive procedure with the potential for serious morbidity. References 1) Gormley JB. Treatment of post-spinal headache. Anesthesiology 1960;21:565-566. 2) Duffy PJ, Crosby ET. The epidural blood patch. Resolving the controversies. Can J Anaesth. 1999; 46: 878–886. 3) Tarkkila PJ, Miralles JA, Palomaki EA. The subjective complications and efficiency of the epidural blood patch in the treatment of postdural puncture headaches. Reg Anesth. 1989;14: 247–250 4) Abouleish E, Vega S, Blendinger I, Tio TO. Long-term follow-up of epidural blood patch. Anesth Analg 1975; 54: 459-63. 5) Cornwall RD, Dolan WM. Radicular back pain after lumbar epidural blood patch. Anesthesiology 1975; 43: 692-3 6) Gupta D et al. Transient compressive lumbar radiculopathy following post epidural blood patch. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2014 Jan;30(1);112-4. 7) Arpino I et al. Intrathecal blood spread after epidural blood patch: can it give arachnoiditis? EJA. June 2012; 29; 118 8) C.M. Wendl et al. CT Myelography for the Planning and Guidance of Targeted Epidural Blood Patches in Patients with Persistent Spinal CSF Leakage. Am J Neuroradiol 2012 mar; 33; 541– 44. My Learning Points EBP can lead to potential serious and permanent neurological complications. Hence we should consider confirming the diagnosis of PDPH with appropriate radiological investigation such as CT or MR myelogram if diagnosis is doubtful. Possible risk factors for neuropathy may be related to increasing volume of blood used for EBPor a repeat EBP. Hence diagnosis of PDPH should be reassessed before considering a second blood patch. Patient should be clearly explained about high incidence of backache following EBP. Patient should be informed to seek medical help promptly, should she develop adverse neurological signs. Prognosis and recovery following neuropathy is quite variable. Clear communication with the patient is the key in managing these cases and appropriate long term follow up at high risk clinic and pain clinic should be organised.

The Temporal Lobe and its Effects on Language Essay -- Neurology Neuro

The Temporal Lobe and its Effects on Language My paper has to due with the duties of a Neuropsychologists when examining damage or abnomalities to the Temporal lobe of the human brain and the various impairments that can happen to language. The temporal lobe is a vital area of the brain for many of the humans abilities such as memory and auditory processing, an also language. The neuropsychologist responsibility is for evaluating problems in this area when dealing with a client and implementing therapy solutions. Also the duties of a neuropsychologist are in the aspects of research and developing tools to assist people with temporal lobe malfunctions and other areas of the body too. This paper will delve into these functions of a neuropsychologist and how the practitioner uses these tools to assist people with the various afflictions that arise from problems in the human temporal lobe. A pivotal area of the temporal lobe and language comprehension is the Wernike’s area. When theirs damage to this section of the brain a condition related to language problems is known as Wernike’s Aphasia. Aphasia is known as a severe language impairment but with this version the person is still able to speak fluently but are unable to comprehend written and spoken language. (Kalat, 2005) The principal signs of aphasia are impairments in the ability to express oneself when speaking, trouble understanding speech, and difficulty with reading and writing. Aphasia is most often the result of stroke or head injury, but can also occur in other neurological disorders, such as brain tumor or Alzheimer's disease. The effects of aphasia differ from person to person, and can sometimes b... ...areas of the brain. Unfortunately my client’s condition has not improved from the help of these professionals, and treatments for him are almost to a stand still or non-existent. Works Cited Aphasia.org (2005). Introduction to Aphasia. Retrieved May 2,2005. From Aphasia.org. Appel, A. (1997) What is a Neuropsychologist. Retrieved April 23, 2005. From tbidoc.com. British Medical Association. (2003). Mesial temporal sclerosis lobe epilepsy. Retrieved April 24, 2005. From WWW.info-trac.com. Kalat, J. (2004). Biological Psychology. 8Th edition, Chapter 15.3. Martin, R.C. (2003). Language processing: functional organization and neuroanatomical. Annual Review of Psychology. Annual 2003 p55(35). NewsRX. (2001). Area of Language Recovery in Brain Imaged. Pain & Central Nervous System Week. Jan 13, 2001 p14.

Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Play vs. Movie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watching both play and movie, makes you wonder about the differences and the similarities. Paying attention to those kinds of things makes you realize your sense of thought. In this essay I will be taking you into a deeper level on Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now by seeing the movie Hamlet vs. the play Hamlet, you will notice that scene one came right after scene two in the movie. It threw me off a little bit because you were least expecting it. The other change was when Ophelia was talking with her dad, that never happened in the play. The last and final change was when they were barring Ophelia , in the play she was in the grave and Hamlet had jumped in the grave to testify his love for her, but now in the movie, s...

Music Industry

The Ever-Changing (I think it's hyphenated)Music Industry The 1980s began with the death of two musical icons: John Lennon and Bob Marley. This set the scene for a momentous decade. A lot of artists in the '80s were inspired politically and that shined through their songs. For example, â€Å"19† by Paul Hardcastle and â€Å"99 Luftballoons† by Nena. The '80s was also the introduction to the CD and revolutionizing the way consumers listen to music, making it more portable. Now MTV has launched the first music video, â€Å"Video Killed the Radio Star† by The Buggles. With visual to accompany artists songs, they have another avenue to captivate consumers with. This led to extravagant production classics like â€Å"Thriller†. A revolution was happening and technological advances have only just begun to shape the way consumers listen to and share music.With revolutionary music comes controversy, and with music artists now having another media to articulate their message, Madonna releases â€Å"Like a Virgin† in 1984. This sent a wave through the decade and the boundaries of what was socially acceptable were pushed to the limits. Some songs were even â€Å"banned† for sexual content despite their immense popularity. The '80s was also a break through in Hip-Hop with groups like Beastie Boys and Sugarhill Gang. This wider representation and growth in diversity in the commercial aspect of music also led to growth in consumers.The birth of Hip-Hop in the '80s became a staple of music in the '90s. Hip-Hop stepped away from the soul and funk themes from the '80s to be dominated by the East Coast-West Coast Gangster Rap feud. The extreme success of N.W.A. followed by releases from Dr. Dre and Tupac established the dominance power and influence of West Coast rap. East Coast Hip-Hop was led by De La Soul and A Tribe Called Quest but was incompetent in their attempt to could never quite match the commercial success of the West Coast. That is until the release of albums from Nas, B.I.G., and Wu-Tang Clan. This feud had everyone loyal listeners buying albums to hear the next low-blow and cultivated an intensely loyal consumer following. Sadly, speculation and business led to the death of Tupac and Biggie and with their death the end of a golden era in Hip-Hop. Again, music was changing and no one could predict the drastic change that was digital. Now at the start of the '00s, iTunes is born and now anyone with a smart device or computer for pennies per song, instead of buying the whole album. It is now evident that songwriters and artists have to focus wholeheartedly on making each and every song as great as the single. CDs were intensely profitable for artists and (especially) record labels, until the Internet, MP3s, piracy, Napster, iTunes, YouTube and Spotify kicked in over the past 10 years. Over the past couple of recent years, YouTube has grown into a lucrative machine for record labels. Popular videos with millions of hits can be adorned with ads, and YouTube shares that revenue with the copyright holders. Some artists like OK Go have even decided to split from their label and end up making more money from YouTube than they do iTunes. We saw the industry adapt to the digital age of music. Spotify is not just streaming anymore, it is now an authoritative  discovery platform, a network of popular  radio stations, and also the primary way people are listening to music. With the multitude of ways that people can listen to music for free today, now artists are concerning themselves with how to get on every platform and how many streams they can get. You can even put your song on a Snapchat filter now! (New paragraph) As a consumer, it's great to be able to discover new artists and groups that I would have never found through CDs or word of mouth. However, as an artist I can understand the frustration in a market that is changing so fast and so quickly.

Native American Hardships Essay

Native Americans have been struggling in society since the Europeans had migrated to the United States of America. Native Americans have always tried to get along with the Europeans yet the Europeans wanted dominance over the Native American population. In American schools children learn about how the Native American were savages and how they were the cause of the tension between the Europeans and the Native Americans. Native Americans still haven’t assimilated into American culture or Society. Native Americans and Europeans have been in contact for centuries and there are stories depicting first encounters. There is one story by Sarah Winnemucca describing her life among the Piute’s tribe. In this tale there were prophecies describing White men to come to the Native American tribes and being their brothers. When the Europeans came in contact with the Native Americans the Native Americans perceived them to be their brothers because of the prophecy. Due to the prophecy the Native Americans did not take any precautions when meeting the Europeans. The Europeans wouldn’t be friends with the Native Americans and kept them at a distant. The Native Americans than had to migrate just so the White men would not cause violence to their tribes. They were skirmishes between the Native Americans and American colonizers which made more conflict between the Native Americans and Colonists. (Winnemucca 507-17) There were many wars and battles fought between the Native Americans and Colonists of America during the 1800’s. Many of these wars were ended by treaties that the Native Americans and American Government agreed upon. When reading the articles in Norton Anthology of American literature volume C, I found that the Native Americans referred to treaties quite often and they would be footnotes describing the name and details of the treaties. I found this quite interesting so I decided to look for a journal relating to Native American treaties. The article stated that there had been two million square miles of land transferred from the sovereignty of Native Americans to the United States of America. The president use to deal with the Native people directly but in 1871 the congress stripped that right. 2. 5million Native Americans living in the present-day United States and the U. S. government officially recognizes 565 tribes and Alaska Native peoples . They are concentrated in California, Oklahoma, and the Southwest. There were many treaties offered to the Native Americans and this chart displays all these different treaties even small ones that weren’t accepted. Only a portion of wars involving Native Americans were actually full fledge wars with start and finish dates as well as real planned battles such as Red Clouds War. The other type of war were small sporadic attacks such as Third Seminole War (1855–58) involved very small numbers of Indian warriors with the conflict itself small attacks on Florida settlers with less than 200 Native American Attackers. Many treaties came after wars such as all treaties do such as the Treaty of Fort Laramie which was established after Red Clouds War. A lot of treaties were followed up by Indian Removal System where the Indians would be transferred to a piece of land they could call their own but wasn’t anything close to what they deserved these pieces of land were called reservations. This article was a bit shocking considering that they didn’t mention what I actually wanted to see in a treaty article which was how the Native Americans were usually lied to and their treaties would fall apart. In the story they mentioned the treaty of Fort Laramie which the Native American in the story described how the treaty wasn’t upheld because there was gold in the black Hills, and they moved the Native Americans and also they didn’t give them supplies. I looked at several stories that were dealing with treaties and I couldn’t find a journal dealing with how the Native Americans were mistreated by treaties signed by the United States of America. (Spirling 84-97) It disappoints me greatly that as an American citizen that my government would treat Native Americans this way and blatantly lie. American citizens did make reparations. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act require federal agencies and institutions that receive federal funding to return Native American â€Å"cultural items† to their respective tribes. The Native Americans definitely deserve these reparations but it also disappoints me how people are misinformed about Native Americans. Most people assume since there are Native American Casinos that Native Americans are rich which is not true at all most native Americans don’t receive any money from casinos most of the money if their tribe even owns a casino goes to the high ranking members of the tribe. Native Americans have many problems in their culture and society. Some problems are alcohol problems along with poverty. America as a whole should step up and help these people just as we do for other people such as the money raised for Haiti and Japan. If we are willing to help other countries we should be willing to help people in our own country even if they are a sovereign nation. People don’t realize the problems locally because Native Americans are not associated when describing American culture and society. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s young Native Americans were sent to schools where they were being trained to be assimilate into American culture and leave all their culture behind which was not the right way to handle the situation. The young Native Americans should have been taught American culture while still being able to hold onto their own culture. There was one story that exemplifies this exact situation and it was written by Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. Their were stories of Zitkala Sa called â€Å"Impressions of an Indian childhood† and â€Å"The school days of an Indian girl† by Gertrude Simmons Bonnin and are quite sad but show a triumph when overcoming hardships. The short selections described Zitkala’s life and dealt with assimilation. There was symbolism in these stories in several different ways. She seemed miserable after attending the eastern school. She went through that school and then attended college all so she could obtain knowledge. Zitkala Sa is a young Native American girl part of the Sioux tribe. Her and her family were made to relocate and lost members of the family due to this relocation. The stories don’t blatantly state this but to my knowledge the relocation is due to when Andrew Jackson was president he made many Native Americans relocate to reservations called the trail of tears. Many presidents after Jackson continued to move the Native Americans to pieces of land that the European Americans did not want. This relocation led to her uncle and sister dying due to illness. Many native Americans dealt with death during these relocations because they would receive little or no food on the trip and travel by walking or wagons. This did not affect Zitkala as much as her mother who had a distain for the â€Å"palefaces† or European Americans. Due to these deaths in their family her mother did not want Zitkala to go with the missionaries to the school in the east where she would receive an education. There were a lot of differences shown between the European Americans and Native American values in this story. (Bonnin 1087-1094) The story allows the reader to see how a young Native American girl would have to go this school in the East and learn traditions of the European Americans. Native Americans during this time did try at the schools in the east so they could obtain knowledge and help their people assimilate into American Society. The education in the east made a gap between the older generations and the younger generations of Native Americans. In the story this young girl had to give up her traditions such as her long hair just to meet with America’s culture and lose her culture. This story exemplifies her triumph over her hardships such as many other Native Americans had to go through. Also the story talks about the trail of tears which involved Native Americans having to relocate to parts of America other colonists didn’t already live or want to live. Many people died on the relocation trips, so intern many Native American families were destroyed by these events and a bigger rift came between the Native Americans and American Government. There was a story by John M. Oskison which went to describe how an older Native American wanted to assimilate into Christianity. The story was called The problem of Old Harjo and dealt with a man named Harjo. Harjo was around missionaries a lot and wanted to become a Christian. He went to many services and was ready to convert to Christianity. The problem he had was that he had two wives and in Christianity you’re only allowed to have one. So the young missionary told the man he would have to get rid of one but they both meant a lot to him and after you read the story you realize they all like the situation and want to stay together. The young missionary sees this and does not ask him to become a Christian anymore but to be happy with his situation. (Oskison 1036-41) This story shows another way that a Native American cannot become part of American culture or society just because he cannot convert to Christianity. Religion seems to be a big part of American culture even in today’s society. This man Harjo wanted to become Christian but because of his old cultural traditions such as having more than one wife he can’t convert. This shows how two cultures even in the same country can be completely different. Native Americans have trouble trying to assimilate when their cultural traditions are so different. I had many reactions to the stories I read and the topic as a whole. I feel like Native Americans should be seen as Americans even if they have their own traditions and even if they are to be their own sovereign nation, they should still receive help from America. Americans have caused most of the problems to Native Americans just by stealing their lands and making their own country. Even though Americans have made reparations with the Native Americans we still owe them a lot and should be willing to help them out. The American government has treated them unfairly and lied to them on many occasions and even in legal documents such as the treaties discussed earlier. Native Americans have gone through enough hardships they could use the government and citizen’s help even if it is by not discriminating or judging them. This paper was written to describe how Native Americans have struggled in society and haven’t become assimilated yet still exist in American society just by being in America itself. Native Americans have gone through a lot due to the early colonization of America and wars during the 1800’s and even though most of the problems were caused by the European Americans, the blame goes onto the Native Americans. Native Americans should get to be seen in a higher light and in the American educational system they should be honest and tell student how the history really occurred. One example I could use is how in elementary school everyone learned that Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves but in high school or college you learn that Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves because he was losing the war and need the Emancipation Proclamation to help him win. The same thing happens when discussing Native Americans many young students end up seeing the Native Americans as savages and brutes, they get described as they did in old westerns and they weren’t savages or brutes. The Native Americans deserve to be treated equally especially after the hardships which they managed to triumph through.

Essay about The Welfare Programs and The Economy in the...

Small businesses are contrived to give all of their employees health care due to Medicare. Through the terms of ObamaCare, small businesses are compelled into closing their doors because of all the hand outs they have to get to their employees. When small business begin to become more successful and make more money, Medicare takes their profits away and gives it to people who dont really need it. ObamaCare and Medicare have both taught ignorant Americans to not get a job because they can get the same amount of money in the form of a hand out instead of actually working for it and contributing to the economy. The tax breaks for small firms and other factors are reliant by how much small businesses spend on health coverage (Harrison). Tax†¦show more content†¦In 2007, was when the most current economic decline was introduced. Even when the U.S. is weakening, ObamaCare will diminish the labor force size even more. Its odd that intelligent people let welfare systems run as they do; state representatives should change these systems and make better systems the encourage good parenting (Welfare, SSI Systems Are Being Abused by Irresponsible Parents). State representatives should be working on chaining the welfare system and how it operates. There are a great deal of people who are on the welfare program. There are so many people that have welfare, that it would be very difficult to give them all jobs. If people could be responsible for their own children, welfare wouldnt even be needed. Welfare is hurting society as well. People would rather have another baby than give up their welfare and go to work. (Welfare, SSI Systems Are Being Abused by Irresponsible Parents). People dont want to work, they just want handouts to pass by in life. Medicaid disposals grew by about 100.2% throughout the years past. Poverty will only get worse with ObamaCare continuing to exist. Essentially, ObamaCare is corrupting society. This displays how careless the government is about money in society. There are so many people who cannot open their eyes to see the destruction caused by social welfare. The government is truly paying people to not work. Thousands of people have realized that if they keepShow MoreRelatedWelfare Marijuana Of Our Society1303 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare -The Cannabis of Our Society Welfare has been a major controversy in the realm of social policy for many years. Welfare has become a fundamental part of everyday life for many families. The present state of Welfare does not encourage job growth, reduce poverty, or reduce dependence on governmental aid in the United States despite its work relief elements and large governmental programs. 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The Pros And Cons Of Hippocrates - 1771 Words

Socrates demonstrates that Hippocrates ought to engage in philosophical inquiry, especially if he is to have such strong political ambitions. Socrates is engaging with Protagoras on behalf of Hippocrates. Protagoras is also addressing Hippocrates, and his counterparts, in making his claims about what he is able to teach. In this essay, I am concerned with reconstructing Socrates’ reasoning behind his conclusion that Hippocrates should not want to study under Protagoras. I will then offer an objection for Hippocrates, and finally from this, drawing a conclusion as to whether or not Hippocrates should pay to be a pupil of Protagoras. Socrates’ main argument addressed to Hippocrates, before arriving to question Protagoras at the house of†¦show more content†¦Every day, day after day, you will get better and better† (Prot. 318b). Socrates has two objections: the first being that when the people of Athens meet at the Assembly to discuss certain issues, like bu ilding a new ship, or architecture, they will ask an expert in this, but do not enact the opinions of anyone besides these experts. However, in a situation where the discussion is in regard to the politics of the city (i.e., a new law) they will consider the opinions of all citizens, despite not all individuals learned about the subject discussed (Prot. 319b). The second objection raised by Socrates is that he doesn’t believe excellence can be taught because of the numerous examples of good men who have bad kids (Prot. 320a). The main formal argument begins with Protagoras’ great speech. Before his great speech, Protagoras commits himself to the notion that virtue can be taught (Prot. 319a), and Socrates, instead of refuting the point as he normally would, gives Protagoras the chance to further make his argument through a great speech. 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